我国城镇家庭的房产税支付能力测算——兼论房产税充当地方主体税种的可行性

发布时间：2018-08-01 08:51

【摘要】：房产税试点已经过去五年有余,已有的实证研究主要集中于房产税公平性、充分性和矫正性职能方面,对于涉及到税种可操作性的支付能力问题仍然缺乏论证。本文利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据测算了城镇家庭房产税支付能力,发现在各种税率设计和扣减面积的征收方案下,均存在一定比例的低收入家庭无力支付税款。房产税充当地方主体税种的充分性和保证一般家庭税款支付能力的可操作性之间存在不可兼得的选择困境。本文通过分析认为,房产税无论是从充分性上还是合理性上都无法成为地方主体税种,调节财产分配公平才是其唯一的核心功能。在放弃房产税地方主体税种定位的前提下,借鉴国外"断路"机制等经验,加大税收减免力度、保证税收负担合理是下一步房产税改革取得成功的关键所在。
[Abstract]:More than five years have passed since the trial of the property tax. The existing empirical research mainly focuses on the equity, adequacy and corrective functions of the property tax, and there is still a lack of demonstration on the problem of the ability to pay which involves the operability of the tax. Based on the (CHFS) data of China Household Finance Survey, this paper calculates the ability of urban households to pay property tax. It is found that there is a certain proportion of low-income families unable to pay tax under various tax rate design and reduction area collection schemes. There is a difficult choice between the property tax as the local main tax type and the operability of the general family tax payment ability. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the property tax can not become the local subject tax either in terms of adequacy or reasonableness, and adjusting the fair distribution of property is its only core function. On the premise of abandoning the orientation of the local main body tax of real estate tax, drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries'"broken road" mechanism, increasing the intensity of tax relief and ensuring the reasonable tax burden are the key to the success of the reform of property tax in the next step.
【作者单位】：山东财经大学财政税务学院;
【基金】：财政部与共建高校联合研究课题(2016-10) 山东省社会科学规划青年项目(15DJJJ10) 山东省高等学校人文社科研究项目(J15WG08)
【分类号】：F812.42

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