养殖场沼气工程商业化集中供气补贴分析

发布时间：2018-08-09 19:54

【摘要】：中国养殖场沼气工程建设成本高、直接经济效益低等问题严重阻碍了沼气集中供气商业化发展。该文采用成本定价法,通过对不同供气规模养殖场沼气工程的建设成本、运营成本以及投资机会成本进行分析,集中供气工程建设规模为100户时,户均投资达到1.79万元/户,当供气户数规模提升到1 500户时,户均投资仅为0.41万元/户,根据平均成本U型曲线,供气户数达到800户以上后,沼气集中供气工程规模逐渐接近于沼气工程最优规模点。按照供气成本计算出供气100户,补贴价格为4.73元/m3;供气200户,补贴价格为2.98元/m3;供气800户,补贴价格为1.63元/m3;供气1 000户,补贴价格为1.51元/m3;供气1 500户,补贴价格为1.42元/m3。分析出不同规模养殖场沼气集中供气工程,供气规模小,补贴成本就越高,供气规模大,补贴就越低,集中供气工程供气达到1000户以上规模时,基本接近于最优供气规模点,补贴价格趋于平衡能实现盈利。建议政府应加大力度建设前端补助与终端用气补贴相结合补贴方式,并提出集中供气补贴标准。
[Abstract]:The problems of high construction cost and low direct economic benefit of biogas project in China have seriously hindered the commercial development of biogas centralized supply. Based on the analysis of construction cost, operation cost and investment opportunity cost of biogas project of different gas supply scale, this paper adopts cost pricing method. When the construction scale of centralized gas supply project is 100 households, the average household investment reaches 17900 yuan per household. When the number of gas supply households is increased to 1 500 households, the average household investment is only 4100 yuan per household. According to the average cost U-shaped curve, after the number of gas supply households reaches more than 800, the project scale of biogas centralized gas supply project is gradually close to the optimal scale of biogas project. According to the cost of gas supply, 100 households are supplied with a subsidy price of 4.73 yuan / m3; 200 households with a subsidy price of 2.98 yuan / m3; 800 households with a subsidy price of 1.63 yuan / m3; 1,000 households with a subsidy price of 1.51 yuan / m3; and 1,500 households with a subsidy price of 1.42 yuan / m3. It is found that the smaller the scale of gas supply, the higher the subsidy cost is, and the lower the subsidy is. When the scale of centralized gas supply project reaches more than 1000 households, it is basically close to the optimal gas supply scale point. Subsidy prices tend to be balanced to make a profit. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the combination of front-end subsidy and terminal gas subsidy, and put forward the standard of centralized gas supply subsidy.
【作者单位】：农业部沼气科学研究所;四川省成都市龙泉驿区人力资源与社会保障局;中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;
【基金】：中国农业科学院2015年科技创新工程“农村生物能源发展战略与技术模式团队” 2014四川省科技支撑计划公益民生重大专项项目“乡村生产生活废弃物能源化利用技术体系研究与示范”(2014NZ0045)
【分类号】：F812.45;S216.4

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