政府技术采购政策障碍问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 21:25

【摘要】：作为一种创新政策工具,政府技术采购可以充分发挥其供给侧优势。在工业化程度较高的发达国家,政府技术采购占GDP的比例显著,是商品与服务消费需求中的重要组成部分;而在我国,政府技术采购虽然比重相对小些,但是它作为促进创新政策目标实现的可行手段,会逐渐成为不容忽视的供给侧创新政策工具,有力地促进着创新目标的实现。然而,随着政策的发展,其作用机制的两面性也在逐渐凸显。一方面,政府技术采购对企业创新积极性发挥着促进作用,另一方面,政府技术采购又在实践中遇到来自多方面的阻碍作用,使得政策的实施效果不显著。既然是公共政策,政府技术采购难免在现实执行过程中遇到各种各样的困境,诸如政策的扭曲、政策的变形以及政策的消解等状况。这么一来,不仅是政策促进企业创新、技术进步难以实现,甚至正常的经济运行秩序也会受到阻碍或干扰,政府技术采购的正效应被削弱,过犹不及,甚至出现负面影响,这有违政策制定的初心。因此,当务之急是研究政府技术采购的障碍问题。本文从政府技术采购的政策功能和作用机制出发,从政府部门与供应商的视角分析政府技术采购在执行过程中被扭曲、变形甚至消解的现实困境与障碍因素,其结论将是对已有成果的补充与扩展。此外,本文的研究来源于诸如执行效率低、协调状况差等现实情况,从采购主体、合作互动和外部环境等方面辨识障碍因素,对找寻进一步提高企业创新积极性的对策具有一定的现实意义。本文在肯定政府技术采购作为创新政策工具的巨大潜力及明显的重要性的基础上,将着手于政府技术采购作为创新政策工具所面临的阻碍研究。一方面,采用定性分析归纳总结诸如政府技术采购功能、公共政策障碍等重要理论,对政府技术采购政策的效益及其障碍进行理论上的梳理与判定。另一方面,通过实证分析建立以政府技术采购政策促进企业创新积极性的模型,并将政府技术采购政策执行过程中可能遇到的障碍因素作为调节角色,全面分析各环节或各节点中所能碰到的障碍因素,通过问卷调查的方式研究政府技术采购的障碍因素,即对企业创新活动积极性起阻碍的因素,从而为深入探讨政府技术采购对我国企业创新的阻碍因素提供实证基础。通过以上理论和实证的分析,本文主要从采购主体障碍、合作互动障碍以及外部环境障碍因素出发,其中涵盖宏观认知问题、流程规范阻力、采购人能力问题、风险管理阻力以及信息沟通阻力等方面的小点,得到政府成为理性客户的阻碍主要是采购主体障碍、合作互动障碍、以及外部环境障碍因素。综上,这些障碍是导致创新政策工具的实施效果不明显的重要组成部分。对此,本文根据结果提出相应的对策与意见,供多方的决策者参考,其中包括注重协调机制和政策组合的运用、注重政策与外部技术周期的结合、提升采购参与方的风险管理等能力,以及强化信息沟通与传播等方面。
[Abstract]:As an innovative policy tool, government technology procurement can give full play to its supply-side advantages. In industrialized developed countries, government technology procurement accounts for a significant proportion of GDP and is an important part of the consumption demand for goods and services; while in China, government technology procurement, although a relatively small proportion, but as a promotion. However, with the development of the policy, the two sides of its mechanism are also gradually highlighted. On the one hand, government technology procurement plays a role in promoting the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation, on the other hand, government technology procurement plays a role in promoting the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation. Since it is a public policy, government technology procurement inevitably encounters various difficulties in the actual implementation process, such as policy distortion, policy distortion and policy resolution. Policies to promote enterprise innovation, technological progress is difficult to achieve, and even the normal economic order will be hindered or interfered with, the positive effect of government technology procurement is weakened, too late, or even negative impact, which is contrary to the original intention of policy-making. Therefore, the urgent task is to study the obstacles to government technology procurement. Starting from the policy function and function mechanism of technology procurement, this paper analyzes the practical dilemma and obstacles of government technology procurement in the process of implementation from the perspective of government departments and suppliers. It is of practical significance to identify the obstacles from the aspects of procurement subject, cooperation interaction and external environment to find countermeasures to further enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation. On the one hand, it uses qualitative analysis to summarize the important theories such as government technology procurement function, public policy obstacles and so on, to sort out and judge the benefits and obstacles of government technology procurement policy theoretically. On the other hand, it establishes government technology through empirical analysis. The model of purchasing policy promoting enterprise's initiative to innovate takes the obstacles that may be encountered in the process of implementing government's technology procurement policy as a moderating role, comprehensively analyzes the obstacles that can be encountered in each link or node, and studies the obstacles of government's technology procurement through questionnaire survey, that is, the accumulation of enterprise's innovation activities. Through the above theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper focuses on the obstacles of procurement subject, cooperation and interaction as well as external environmental obstacles, which include macro-cognitive problems, process standardization resistance, and mining. The main obstacles to the government's ability to become a rational customer are procurement subject barriers, cooperation and interaction barriers, and external environmental barriers. According to the results, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for decision-makers in various fields, including paying attention to the application of coordination mechanism and policy combination, paying attention to the combination of policy and external technology cycle, improving the risk management ability of procurement participants, and strengthening information communication and dissemination.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.45

【参考文献】