日美政府债务问题比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 18:40

【摘要】：欧洲主权债务危机的警报尚未解除，在全球经济持续低迷的背景下，日本与美国两大经济体也无法独善其身。日本连续经历两个“失去的10年”而推行扩张性财政政策，其政府债务规模不断扩大。虽然日本的政府债务具有不同于危机中欧元区国家的债务特性，但如果不进行财政重建，日本有可能在未来爆发严重的政府债务危机。美国作为全世界最大的债务国，近年来同样入不敷出。2011年标准普尔下调美国政府债务评级与2012年末“财政悬崖”危机的爆发均体现其财政状况的恶化，同时对全球资本市场产生了剧烈影响。然而，日美两国的政府债务问题尽管棘手，却没有像部分欧元区国家一样演变成政府债务危机，这是由两国政府债务各自的特性决定的，也是学者们关注的重点。日美两国政府债务问题在产生原因上有共同的特征，而两国各自问题的诱发条件不同，表现形式也不同，，而由不同特性决定的对外影响以及解决途径也存在差异。本文由六个部分构成。第1章为导论，阐明了选题背景及其理论意义和现实意义，在文献综述部分分别介绍并分析了日美两国各自政府债务问题的相关文献，最后阐述了本文的主要创新点及不足。第二章分别叙述了日美两国政府债务的演进历史，介绍了两国政府债务问题的由来。第三章主要归纳了日美两国政府债务问题的共同点，并从外部环境、根本原因和制约因素几方面进行分析。第四章从诱发条件、表现形式、影响和解决途径四个角度重点研究了日美两国政府债务问题的不同点。第五章讨论日美两国债务问题对我国的启示，提出我国财政政策的改善建议，具有现实意义。最后的结论，简要地归纳和总结了本文的研究成果。
[Abstract]:The warning of Europe's sovereign debt crisis has yet to be lifted, and Japan and the United States are not immune from the continuing global downturn. Japan has experienced two "lost years" of expansionary fiscal policy, and its government debt is growing. Although Japan's government debt is different from that of euro zone countries in crisis, a serious government debt crisis could break out in the future without fiscal reconstruction. The United States, the world's largest debtor, has also been living beyond its means in recent years. The 2011 S & P downgrade of the U.S. government debt rating and the outbreak of the "fiscal cliff" crisis at the end of 2012 both reflected the deterioration of its fiscal position. At the same time, the global capital markets have had a sharp impact. However, Japan and the United States' government debt problem, though thorny, has not evolved into a government debt crisis, as some euro zone countries do, determined by their respective characteristics of government debt and a focus of scholars. Japan and the United States have the same characteristics in the causes of the government debt problems, and the two countries have different induced conditions and different forms of their problems, and the external influence and solutions determined by different characteristics are also different. This paper consists of six parts. The first chapter is the introduction, which clarifies the background of the topic, its theoretical and practical significance, introduces and analyzes the relevant documents on the debt problems of Japan and the United States respectively in the part of literature review, and finally expounds the main innovation points and shortcomings of this paper. Chapter two narrates the evolution history of Japanese and American government debt, and introduces the origin of the two countries' government debt problem. The third chapter summarizes the common ground of Japanese and American government debt problems, and analyzes the external environment, root causes and constraints. The fourth chapter focuses on the differences between Japan and the United States in terms of induced conditions, forms, influences and solutions. The fifth chapter discusses the enlightenment of the debt problems of Japan and the United States to China, and puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of China's fiscal policy, which is of practical significance. Finally, the research results of this paper are summarized and summarized briefly.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F813.13;F817.12

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