税收激励、行业竞争与研发投入

发布时间：2018-09-18 07:41

【摘要】：企业进行研发活动能够提高企业技术创新能力并拥有核心竞争力,促进企业持续发展。然而企业研发活动具有公共性、外溢性、高成本性和高风险性,会导致市场失灵,因此政府有必要通过税收优惠政策激励企业进行研发投入。目前税法是采取普遍激励政策,但实践表明,即使没有税收激励,行业竞争压力也会激发企业创新和研发。缺少行业竞争压力,即使有税收激励,也未必会促进企业研发。本文关注税收激励与行业竞争对企业研发投入的作用机制、效果以及二者交互作用,目的在于为精准设计研发税收优惠政策,推动万众创新的战略实施提供依据。本文首先对国内外相关研究文献进行梳理,发现税收激励研发的效果以及作用机理并没有一致的研究结论,行业竞争压力激发企业研发也不是简单的线性关系,而关于税收和竞争交互作用对研发影响的研究文献很少,已有文献也没有得出研发税收激励政策在什么情况下激励效果最好,文献梳理验证了本文研究问题的必要性;然后,基于经典经济学及现代管理理论对税收激励、行业竞争和研发投入之间的关系进行理论分析;最后,利用2011～2015年A股工业企业上市公司的截面数据,在实证检验税收优惠与研发投入的关系,行业竞争与研发投入关系的基础上,着重探究行业竞争对税收激励和研发投入关系的调节作用,对这种调节作用进行了量化,并按高税收优惠和低税收优惠分组、按行业竞争程度分样本进行了进一步检验。考虑到国有企业和非国有企业产权性质上的不同所带来的管理模式的差异,本文对国有企业和非国有企业进行了分样本的检验及对比分析;考虑到企业规模上的差异对企业研发决策的影响,本文对大企业和小企业进行了分样本的检验及对比分析;考虑到融资约束是制约企业研发投资决策的一个重要因素,本文按高融资约束和低融资约束进行了分样本的检验及对比分析。研究结果发现,企业实际所得税税收优惠能够显著激励企业研发投入,税收优惠力度越大,研发投入越高;研发投入在不同行业竞争水平下有显著差异,在中行业竞争水平下,企业研发投入最高;税收优惠激励研发投入的效果在不同行业竞争水平下有显著差异,在中行业竞争水平下,税收优惠对企业研发投入的激励效果最好;企业产权性质、规模、融资约束程度也对研发税收激励效果产生影响,国有企业税收优惠对研发投入的激励效果比非国有企业好;大企业税收优惠对研发投入的激励效果比小企业好;低融资约束企业税收优惠对研发投入的激励效果比高融资约束企业好。本研究结论为我国如何利用税收优惠政策激励企业研发投入,推动万众创新战略的具体实施,提升国家综合创新能力,以及经济提质增效、产业转型升级提供了政策依据。
[Abstract]:Enterprise R & D activities can improve the ability of technological innovation and core competitiveness, and promote the sustainable development of enterprises. However, R & D activities of enterprises have the characteristics of publicity, spillover, high cost and high risk, which will lead to market failure. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to encourage enterprises to invest in R & D through preferential tax policies. At present, the general incentive policy is adopted in the tax law, but practice shows that even without tax incentive, the competition pressure of the industry can stimulate the innovation and R & D of enterprises. Lack of industry competition pressure, even if there is tax incentives, will not necessarily promote enterprise R & D. This paper focuses on the mechanism, effect and interaction of tax incentives and industry competition on enterprise R & D investment. The purpose of this paper is to provide the basis for the precise design of R & D tax preferential policies and to promote the implementation of the strategy of innovation. This paper firstly combs the relevant research literature at home and abroad, and finds that there is no consistent conclusion on the effect and mechanism of tax incentive R & D, and the industry competitive pressure to stimulate enterprise R & D is not a simple linear relationship. However, there are few literatures on the impact of tax and competition interaction on R & D, and the existing literature has not drawn the best incentive effect of R & D tax incentive policy. The literature combs and verifies the necessity of this study. Based on classical economics and modern management theory, the relationship among tax incentives, industry competition and R & D investment is analyzed theoretically. On the basis of the empirical test of the relationship between tax preference and R & D investment and the relationship between industry competition and R & D investment, this paper probes into the regulatory effect of industry competition on the relationship between tax incentives and R & D investment, and quantifies this regulatory role. And according to the high tax preference and the low tax preferential group, according to the competition degree of the industry samples were further tested. Considering the difference of management mode between state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, this paper makes a sample test and comparative analysis of state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. Considering the influence of enterprise scale difference on enterprise R & D decision, this paper makes a sample test and comparative analysis on large enterprise and small enterprise, considering that financing constraint is an important factor restricting enterprise R & D investment decision. This article carries on the sample test and the contrast analysis according to the high financing constraint and the low financing constraint. The results show that the actual income tax preference can significantly stimulate the R & D investment of enterprises, the greater the tax preference, the higher the R & D investment, the more significant the R & D investment is under the competition level of different industries, under the competition level of Chinese industry, the higher the R & D investment is, the higher the R & D investment is. Enterprise R & D investment is the highest; the effect of tax incentives on R & D investment is significantly different from that of different industries, and under the competition level of middle industry, tax preference has the best incentive effect on enterprise R & D investment; the nature and scale of enterprise property rights, The degree of financing constraint also has an impact on the incentive effect of R & D tax, the incentive effect of tax preference to R & D investment of state-owned enterprise is better than that of non-state-owned enterprise, the incentive effect of tax preference to R & D investment of large enterprise is better than that of small enterprise. The incentive effect of tax preference on R & D investment is better than that of high financing constraint enterprise. The conclusion of this study provides the policy basis for how to use the preferential tax policy to stimulate the R & D investment of enterprises, to promote the concrete implementation of the innovation strategy, to promote the comprehensive innovation ability of the country, to improve the quality and efficiency of the economy, and to upgrade the industrial transformation and upgrading.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.42;F275;F273.1

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