WTO框架下我国粮食补贴政策研究
发布时间：2018-11-22 10:36
【摘要】：粮食是一国居民的生活必需品,是一切人类活动的基础,尤其对于我国拥有14亿人口的庞大经济体而言,粮食问题至关重要,粮食问题不仅指粮食是否供需平衡的粮食安全问题,而且也是农民收入问题,这关乎城乡二元经济结构调整与构建和谐社会的重要任务。我国入世以来,边境保护程度降低,进口配额增大与进出口关税税率下降,同时我国承诺放弃对粮食产品的出口补贴,而其他发达国家在承诺削减粮食补贴的同时却在增加粮食补贴,对我国粮食安全与农民增收造成威胁,我国目前面临着不公平的国际粮食补贴环境。为了应对部分国家粮食补贴政策对我国造成的粮食安全与农民增收的威胁,探讨WTO框架下适合我国长远应用的粮食补贴政策尤为重要。 本论文试图阐明粮食补贴政策的理论基础,说明WTO框架下我国入世承诺与入世对我国粮食补贴规模与效应的影响,通过探讨国外主要国家在WTO框架下的粮食补贴政策方式与效应,并比较国内外粮食补贴政策的差距,发现我国粮食补贴政策的不足,总结出对我国粮食补贴政策的启示,继而为粮食补贴政策设置一个合理可行的目标与方向,构建一个灵活的粮食供应调节机制和粮农收入保障机制,这对我国粮食安全与农民增收有重要意义。 本文提出了WTO框架下粮食补贴的政策建议：第一,建立符合WTO规则的粮食补贴政策,应利用好免于削减的“绿箱”政策,优化补贴结构；为保障国家粮食安全,现阶段应充分利用“黄箱”政策；完善粮食补贴政策,尝试“蓝箱”补贴,将需要削减的“黄箱”转变成“蓝箱”。第二,完善粮食补贴体制,补贴体制的改革方向是建立“财力与事权相匹配”的粮食补贴体制,尽可能清晰界定中央与地方粮食补贴的财权与事权。第三,强化法律规范性约束,完善资金监管。第四,优化我国粮食补贴方式,例如粮食保险补贴、粮农贷款补贴和农村粮食储备补贴。
[Abstract]:Food is the necessities of life for the people of a country and the basis of all human activities, especially for the large economy with a population of 1.4 billion. Grain problem not only refers to the food security problem of grain supply and demand balance, but also the issue of farmers' income, which is related to the adjustment of urban-rural dual economic structure and the construction of a harmonious society. Since China's entry into WTO, the degree of border protection has decreased, import quotas have increased and import and export tariff rates have decreased, and China has promised to give up its export subsidies for grain products. While other developed countries promise to reduce grain subsidies at the same time, they are increasing grain subsidies, which threaten China's food security and farmers' income. At present, China is facing an unfair international food subsidy environment. In order to deal with the threat of grain security and farmers' income caused by grain subsidy policy in some countries, it is particularly important to explore the grain subsidy policy suitable for our country's long-term application under the framework of WTO. This paper attempts to clarify the theoretical basis of grain subsidy policy and explain the impact of China's WTO commitments and WTO on the scale and effect of grain subsidies under the framework of WTO. This paper discusses the ways and effects of grain subsidy policy in main foreign countries under the framework of WTO, compares the gap of grain subsidy policy at home and abroad, finds out the shortage of grain subsidy policy in our country, and sums up the enlightenment to the grain subsidy policy of our country. Then set up a reasonable and feasible goal and direction for the grain subsidy policy, and construct a flexible grain supply regulation mechanism and food income guarantee mechanism, which is of great significance to the food security and the increase of farmers' income in our country. This paper puts forward the policy suggestions of grain subsidy under the framework of WTO: first, to establish the grain subsidy policy in line with the WTO rules, we should make good use of the "green box" policy to optimize the subsidy structure; In order to ensure the national food security, we should make full use of the "yellow box" policy at the present stage, perfect the grain subsidy policy and try the "blue box" subsidy to convert the "yellow box" to the "blue box" that needs to be reduced. Second, improve the grain subsidy system. The reform direction of the subsidy system is to establish a grain subsidy system with "financial resources and administrative power matching", and to define clearly the financial and administrative rights of the central and local grain subsidies as far as possible. Third, strengthen the legal normative constraints, improve the supervision of funds. Fourth, we should optimize the ways of grain subsidy, such as grain insurance subsidy, grain loan subsidy and rural grain reserve subsidy.
【学位授予单位】：财政部财政科学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F743.1;F812.8;F326.11
本文编号：2349056
[Abstract]:Food is the necessities of life for the people of a country and the basis of all human activities, especially for the large economy with a population of 1.4 billion. Grain problem not only refers to the food security problem of grain supply and demand balance, but also the issue of farmers' income, which is related to the adjustment of urban-rural dual economic structure and the construction of a harmonious society. Since China's entry into WTO, the degree of border protection has decreased, import quotas have increased and import and export tariff rates have decreased, and China has promised to give up its export subsidies for grain products. While other developed countries promise to reduce grain subsidies at the same time, they are increasing grain subsidies, which threaten China's food security and farmers' income. At present, China is facing an unfair international food subsidy environment. In order to deal with the threat of grain security and farmers' income caused by grain subsidy policy in some countries, it is particularly important to explore the grain subsidy policy suitable for our country's long-term application under the framework of WTO. This paper attempts to clarify the theoretical basis of grain subsidy policy and explain the impact of China's WTO commitments and WTO on the scale and effect of grain subsidies under the framework of WTO. This paper discusses the ways and effects of grain subsidy policy in main foreign countries under the framework of WTO, compares the gap of grain subsidy policy at home and abroad, finds out the shortage of grain subsidy policy in our country, and sums up the enlightenment to the grain subsidy policy of our country. Then set up a reasonable and feasible goal and direction for the grain subsidy policy, and construct a flexible grain supply regulation mechanism and food income guarantee mechanism, which is of great significance to the food security and the increase of farmers' income in our country. This paper puts forward the policy suggestions of grain subsidy under the framework of WTO: first, to establish the grain subsidy policy in line with the WTO rules, we should make good use of the "green box" policy to optimize the subsidy structure; In order to ensure the national food security, we should make full use of the "yellow box" policy at the present stage, perfect the grain subsidy policy and try the "blue box" subsidy to convert the "yellow box" to the "blue box" that needs to be reduced. Second, improve the grain subsidy system. The reform direction of the subsidy system is to establish a grain subsidy system with "financial resources and administrative power matching", and to define clearly the financial and administrative rights of the central and local grain subsidies as far as possible. Third, strengthen the legal normative constraints, improve the supervision of funds. Fourth, we should optimize the ways of grain subsidy, such as grain insurance subsidy, grain loan subsidy and rural grain reserve subsidy.
【学位授予单位】：财政部财政科学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F743.1;F812.8;F326.11
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