我国节能环保产业科技政策量化评价与优化

发布时间：2018-12-09 18:49

【摘要】：节能环保产业作为我国七大战略型新兴产业,国家出台了一系列科技政策来支持与引导其科技发展,依靠科技创新支撑引领经济转型发展和产业结构优化升级,促进我国绿色经济持续高速增长。然而我国节能环保产业科技政策起步较晚,基础比较薄弱,面临的环境又较为复杂,且科技政策本身具有不确定性和动态性。因此,在政策实施一段时间后,有必要对节能环保产业科技政策实施效果进行科学有效地分析评估,找出其成效和存在的问题,并加以调整和完善,从而促进科技水平的提升。本文收集整理了1990年至2016年间关于节能环保产业的科技政策并进行有效筛选最终选择72项高度相关的政策作为研究对象,并从政策绩效、政策文本两个方面对节能环保产业科技政策进行量化评价。在绩效评价方面,主要通过选取专利申请量、国家重点实验室建设情况、能源消费状况及环境治理情况等几个方面,作为节能环保科技政策绩效的衡量指标,重点分析政策实施前后,相关情况的变化及改善,突出节能环保产业科技政策的作用力;在政策文本量化方面,以供给型、需求型及环境型科技政策工具为基本工具维度(X轴),以基础研究、开发研究、产业示范和推广应用为科技产业链维度(Y轴),构建并利用二维分析框架对72份科技政策进行了实证分析,指出了我国节能环保产业科技政策的不足。并介绍了美国、日本两国节能环保产业科技政策的情况,重点分析了两国节能环保产业科技政策的优势所在,形成了借鉴经验。并根据我国节能环保产业科技政策存在的问题,结合美日两国节能环保产业科技政策的成功经验,提出了加强节能环保产业科技政策工具之间的优化组合;完善节能环保产业科技财政政策;实施正负双向的科技税收政策;通过科技立法保持科技政策的权威性和持续性;重视科技人才政策体系的完善;加强对节能环保科技基础研究的支持力度等几点优化路径,为我国节能环保产业科技政策的完善提供了建议与参考。
[Abstract]:Energy saving and environmental protection industry as seven strategic emerging industries in China, the state has issued a series of scientific and technological policies to support and guide its scientific and technological development, relying on scientific and technological innovation to support the development of economic transformation and industrial structure optimization and upgrading. Promote China's green economy sustained and rapid growth. However, the science and technology policy of energy saving and environmental protection industry in our country started late, the foundation is relatively weak, the environment is more complex, and the science and technology policy itself is uncertain and dynamic. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the effect of science and technology policy of energy saving and environmental protection industry for a period of time, find out its effect and existing problems, and adjust and perfect it so as to promote the improvement of science and technology level. This paper collected and sorted out the science and technology policies on energy saving and environmental protection industry from 1990 to 2016, and selected 72 highly relevant policies as the research object, and selected the policy performance from the policy performance. Two aspects of the policy text of energy conservation and environmental protection industry science and technology policy quantitative evaluation. In the aspect of performance evaluation, mainly through the selection of patent application amount, the construction of national key laboratories, energy consumption and environmental governance, as a measure of energy conservation and environmental protection policy performance, Focus on the analysis of the policy before and after the implementation of the relevant changes and improvements, highlighting the energy conservation and environmental protection industry science and technology policy force; In terms of policy text quantification, the basic tool dimension (X axis) is supply-oriented, demand-oriented and environment-oriented scientific and technological policy tools, and the basic research, development research, industrial demonstration and extension are the dimensions of the scientific and technological industry chain (Y-axis). An empirical analysis of 72 scientific and technological policies is carried out by using the two-dimensional analysis framework, and the shortcomings of the scientific and technological policies of energy saving and environmental protection industry in China are pointed out. The scientific and technological policies of energy conservation and environmental protection industry in the United States and Japan are introduced, and the advantages of the two countries' energy saving and environmental protection industry science and technology policies are analyzed. According to the problems existing in the science and technology policy of energy saving and environmental protection industry in our country and the successful experience of the two countries, this paper puts forward the optimized combination between the scientific and technological policy tools to strengthen the energy conservation and environmental protection industry. Improve the science and technology financial policy of energy saving and environmental protection industry; implement the positive and negative science and technology tax policy; maintain the authority and sustainability of the science and technology policy through the science and technology legislation; attach importance to the perfection of the scientific and technological personnel policy system; Strengthening the support for the basic research of energy conservation and environmental protection provides suggestions and references for the improvement of the science and technology policy of energy saving and environmental protection industry in China.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.0;X324

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