我国农用地膜利用与回收及其财政支持政策研究
发布时间：2018-12-10 11:39
【摘要】：20世纪70年代，地膜覆盖技术开始兴起并在欧洲、美国、日本等国家迅速普及，因为增产效果好，在我国大面积推广使用，目前，我国每年地膜使用量约120万吨，地膜覆盖作物已超过50种；每年地膜覆盖面积达2.5亿亩，应用区域遍及全国。但是农用地膜残留的危害不容忽视。因在自然条件下极难降解，在土壤内可存在200～400年，存留的农用膜破坏土壤的物理和化学结构，可抑制土壤微生物的生长，最终导致作物难以发芽出苗，作物减产，影响农产品的产量和质量，使农民的收入受到极大的影响。 本论文采用查阅文献法、系统分析法、比较研究法和定性与定量相结合的方法，通过对甘肃、宁夏、新疆等地农用地膜利用和回收现状，以及相关财政支持政策展开分析研究，，系统梳理财政政策支持的重点方向和主要内容，研究提出建立财政支持政策等相关建议。 论文经过研究得出以下结论和建议：一是农用地膜使用量大，地膜残留污染防治应给予重视；二是需要进一步加强各级财政政策支持；三是相关科技研究需要加强。在此基础上，提出三方面建议：一是加强宣传引导。使得广大人民群众尤其农民（农业专业合作社、从事农业生产的企业，以下简称农民）和回收利用企业充分认识地膜残留的危害和存在的利润；二是加强农田地膜残留污染监控和防治，摸清底数、制定规划、分级防治；三是强化科技支撑，重视成果应用。将地膜污染防治列入科技重点支持项目，依托大专院校和科研院所，针对残膜资源化利用、可降解地膜、机械回收等关键问题加强科研攻关，同时，加快科技成果应用转化；四是建立扶持政策，完善长效机制。针对使用、回收、再利用等环节，对农民、企业等主体给予补助和扶持，引导其可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, film mulching technology began to rise and was rapidly popularized in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries. Because of the good effect of increasing production, it was widely used in China. At present, the annual use of plastic film in China is about 1.2 million tons. More than 50 kinds of mulching crops have been covered by plastic film; Plastic film covers an area of 250 million mu each year, the application of the region throughout the country. However, the harm of agricultural mulching film residue can not be ignored. Because it is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions and can exist in the soil for 200 ~ 400 years, the remaining agricultural film destroys the physical and chemical structure of the soil, inhibits the growth of soil microbes, and finally leads to the difficulty of crop germination and emergence, and the reduction of crop yield. Affect the output and quality of agricultural products, so that farmers' income is greatly affected. In this paper, the methods of literature review, systematic analysis, comparative research and qualitative and quantitative analysis are used to analyze and study the current situation of agricultural film utilization and recovery in Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, as well as related financial support policies. This paper systematically combs the key directions and main contents of fiscal policy support, and puts forward some relevant suggestions such as establishing fiscal support policy and so on. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper are as follows: first, the amount of plastic film used in agriculture is large, and the prevention and control of film residual pollution should be paid more attention to; second, the support of fiscal policies at all levels should be further strengthened; third, the relevant scientific and technological research needs to be strengthened. On this basis, put forward three aspects of suggestions: first, strengthen propaganda and guidance. Make the masses of people, especially farmers (agricultural cooperatives, enterprises engaged in agricultural production, hereinafter referred to as farmers) and recycling enterprises fully understand the harm of plastic film residues and existing profits; The second is to strengthen the monitoring and control of the residual pollution of farmland mulching film, to find out the floor number, to formulate plans, and to prevent and cure it at different levels; third, to strengthen the support of science and technology, and to attach importance to the application of results. The prevention and control of plastic film pollution should be included in the key scientific and technological support projects, relying on universities, colleges and research institutes, strengthening scientific research and tackling key problems such as the utilization of residual film resources, degradable plastic film and mechanical recovery, and speeding up the application and transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Fourth, establish support policy, perfect long-term effect mechanism. In order to guide the sustainable development of farmers and enterprises, the farmers and enterprises should be subsidized and supported in the aspects of use, recovery and reuse.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S316;F812.8
本文编号：2370504
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, film mulching technology began to rise and was rapidly popularized in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries. Because of the good effect of increasing production, it was widely used in China. At present, the annual use of plastic film in China is about 1.2 million tons. More than 50 kinds of mulching crops have been covered by plastic film; Plastic film covers an area of 250 million mu each year, the application of the region throughout the country. However, the harm of agricultural mulching film residue can not be ignored. Because it is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions and can exist in the soil for 200 ~ 400 years, the remaining agricultural film destroys the physical and chemical structure of the soil, inhibits the growth of soil microbes, and finally leads to the difficulty of crop germination and emergence, and the reduction of crop yield. Affect the output and quality of agricultural products, so that farmers' income is greatly affected. In this paper, the methods of literature review, systematic analysis, comparative research and qualitative and quantitative analysis are used to analyze and study the current situation of agricultural film utilization and recovery in Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, as well as related financial support policies. This paper systematically combs the key directions and main contents of fiscal policy support, and puts forward some relevant suggestions such as establishing fiscal support policy and so on. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper are as follows: first, the amount of plastic film used in agriculture is large, and the prevention and control of film residual pollution should be paid more attention to; second, the support of fiscal policies at all levels should be further strengthened; third, the relevant scientific and technological research needs to be strengthened. On this basis, put forward three aspects of suggestions: first, strengthen propaganda and guidance. Make the masses of people, especially farmers (agricultural cooperatives, enterprises engaged in agricultural production, hereinafter referred to as farmers) and recycling enterprises fully understand the harm of plastic film residues and existing profits; The second is to strengthen the monitoring and control of the residual pollution of farmland mulching film, to find out the floor number, to formulate plans, and to prevent and cure it at different levels; third, to strengthen the support of science and technology, and to attach importance to the application of results. The prevention and control of plastic film pollution should be included in the key scientific and technological support projects, relying on universities, colleges and research institutes, strengthening scientific research and tackling key problems such as the utilization of residual film resources, degradable plastic film and mechanical recovery, and speeding up the application and transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Fourth, establish support policy, perfect long-term effect mechanism. In order to guide the sustainable development of farmers and enterprises, the farmers and enterprises should be subsidized and supported in the aspects of use, recovery and reuse.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S316;F812.8
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