新疆财政科技投入及其经济效应研究

发布时间：2018-12-26 19:19

【摘要】：财政科技支出是指政府借助财政手段、政策手段、行政手段、国贸手段等重新整合社会稀缺科技资源，对科技活动中所需要的所有人力、资金、政策等其他因素的支持和供给。科学技术投入的效应是多面的，尤其在经济发展和社会进步上有卓越贡献。科学技术的经济效应表现不同于其他资本投入，其本身的转化性和促进性往往不能在短期体现，而且体现的结果会高于预期；其社会效应表现在丰富人际交流模式、推动高新产品研发、提高国际声誉等方面。所以政府对科学技术的投入是必不可少的，对地区发展有着重要意义。新疆地处我国西北边陲，是一个少数民族人口占多数的欠发达地区。科学技术的发展在这样一个地区显得尤为重要，它是新疆经济发展、人民生活水平进步的重要保障；也是利用“后发优势”理论进行跨越式发展的有效利器。因此，研究新疆财政科技支出及其经济影响效应，对新疆经济发展和社会进步有着重要意义。本文运用公共物品理论、财政科技效应、内生增长理论以及后发优势理论作为理论依据。首先通过分析科技产品本身的公共性来说明政府参与科技活动的必要性；其次通过考量财政科技投入与产出带来的效应来说明政府在科技活动中的投入是可以换取高额的产出的，因此政府必须扮演科技活动中的主导者；再次内生增长理论证明经济的增长是有其内在生长因素的，这一因素就是科技活动，因此政府支持科技发展顺应当前经济形势。同时也只有大力发展科技活动，才不会被当前高科技发展的经济浪潮所击垮；最后结合新疆本身情况，对于现在较为落后的现状下，可以运用后发优势理论，通过借鉴其他国家和其他省市的优秀技术和成果进行发展，从而节约新疆本地区的研发资本和时间，，形成高速高效的发展模式。本文采用实证研究的方法，在分析新疆财政科技支出发展现状及其全国层面对比的基础上，利用统计年鉴上的数据，通过Eviews软件对新疆财政支出与经济增长的关系进行长期、短期的分析。之后具体按新疆各地州进行划分，运用平行面板数据(panel-data)的基本理论，分析其财政科技支出与经济增长的关系。最后运用DEA模型对新疆财政科技支出的绩效进行分析考量。本文共分六个部分。第一部分为绪论，主要阐述论文选题的背景、意义、研究思路及文献综述。第二部分对其主要理论进行论述，主要包括财政科技的效应理论、市场失灵理论及后发优势理论。第三部分对新疆财政科技支出的规模现状进行分析。第四部分利用计量经济学模型分别研究全疆总计及各地州财政科技支出与经济增长的关系。第五部分利用DEA模型对新疆财政科技支出的投入产出做绩效评价。第六部分为本文主要结论及进一步完善财政科技支出的相关政策建议。
[Abstract]:Fiscal expenditure on science and technology refers to the government's support and supply of all the manpower, funds, policies and other factors needed in the activities of science and technology by means of financial means, policy means, administrative means, international trade means and so on, to reintegrate the scarce scientific and technological resources of society. The effects of science and technology investment are manifold, especially in economic development and social progress. The economic effect of science and technology is different from other capital investment, its transformation and promotion can not be reflected in the short term, and the results will be higher than expected; Its social effect is to enrich the interpersonal communication mode, promote the research and development of high-tech products and improve the international reputation. Therefore, the government's investment in science and technology is essential and has important significance for regional development. Xinjiang is located in the northwest border of China, is an underdeveloped region with minority population. The development of science and technology is particularly important in such a region. It is an important guarantee for Xinjiang's economic development and the progress of people's living standards, and is also an effective weapon for making use of the theory of "late-development advantage" to carry out leap-forward development. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the economic development and social progress of Xinjiang. This paper uses the theory of public goods, financial science and technology effect, endogenous growth theory and the theory of late-development advantage as the theoretical basis. Firstly, the necessity of government participation in science and technology activities is explained by analyzing the publicity of science and technology products themselves. Secondly, by considering the effects of financial input and output of science and technology, the government must play the leading role in science and technology activities. Thirdly, the theory of endogenous growth proves that the growth of economy has its own internal growth factor, which is the activity of science and technology, so the government supports the development of science and technology to conform to the current economic situation. At the same time, only by vigorously developing scientific and technological activities, can we not be defeated by the current economic wave of high-tech development; Finally, in light of Xinjiang's own situation, under the relatively backward present situation, we can use the theory of late-development advantage to develop by learning from the excellent technologies and achievements of other countries and other provinces and cities. In order to save the development capital and time of Xinjiang, the formation of high-speed and efficient development model. Based on the analysis of the current situation of fiscal and scientific expenditure in Xinjiang and the comparison of its national level, this paper uses the data from the statistical yearbook to analyze the relationship between fiscal expenditure and economic growth in Xinjiang for a long time through Eviews software. A short-term analysis. Then, according to the basic theory of parallel panel data (panel-data), the paper analyzes the relationship between the expenditure of science and technology and the economic growth. Finally, DEA model is used to analyze the performance of Xinjiang fiscal science and technology expenditure. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction, which mainly describes the background, significance, research ideas and literature review. The second part discusses its main theories, including the effect theory of financial science and technology, the theory of market failure and the theory of late-development advantage. The third part analyzes the scale of Xinjiang fiscal science and technology expenditure. In the fourth part, econometrics model is used to study the relationship between the total amount of Xinjiang and the financial expenditure of science and technology and economic growth. The fifth part uses DEA model to evaluate the input-output performance of Xinjiang fiscal science and technology expenditure. The sixth part is the main conclusion of this paper and the further improvement of fiscal science and technology expenditure related policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45

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