直销银行法律规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 08:44

本文关键词：直销银行法律规制问题研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：直销银行这一概念有宏观和微观之分。宏观的直销银行指的是一种非实体化的银行运作模式,即不依赖于实体网点,甚至不发放实体银行卡,以手机、电脑、自助设备等远程终端为载体,以电话、手机app、网页、电子邮件以及非人工的电子化智能柜台为渠道的新型银行营销模式;微观的直销银行存在于实体化的层面,是指运作上述这种新型营销模式的独立的银行机构或非独立的银行事业部。为了避免广义和狭义的混淆,本文会将非实体化层面的直销银行表述为直销银行业务,从而加以区分。1965年,设立于德国法兰克福的储蓄与财富银行(BSV)通过电话营销的方式开展了直销银行业务的先例,从20世纪90年代末开始,借助于互联网技术的成熟,直销银行业务在欧美发达国家得到了长足的发展。在过去20年左右的时间内,设立于北美和欧洲的直销银行经受住了互联网泡沫和金融危机的考验,不断累积成熟的商业模式,在北美和欧洲当地银行业内的市场份额已经超过10%(比例仍在不断扩大),已然成为全球金融市场中不可分割的重要组成部分。2015年9月,民生银行和北京银行先后确定开通直销银行业务,这标志着我国银行业进入了直销银行元年。借势于互联网金融的浪潮,一年之内,我国包括大型国有银行、股份制银行、地方性银行以及其他中小银行在内的60余家银行机构都开展了直销银行业务。直销银行业务在我国的发展速度惊人,这得益于我国银行业的逐步完善以及金融创新的利好所激发的内、外在动力,但是由于背靠着银行这一我国行政级别最高的企业,因此对于我国的直销银行业务而言,稳定和可持续的发展远比拓张的速度重要。作为银行业和互联网金融产业融合之下的创新产物,直销银行业务除了具备传统银行业务中的系统性风险、操作风险、信用风险、商誉风险等等风险之外,还兼具互联网金融中的网络安全风险、技术风险,因此,相较于一般的传统银行业务而言,其风险的诱因更多,风险管理的难度更大,相应的问题就是我国现有的银行业法律、法规并不能完全适用于直销银行以及直销银行业务。为了规避直销银行运作中的市场失灵或其他负面情况,我国应当填补现有的《中华人民共和国商业银行法》以及其他商业银行法律、法规中与直销银行和直销银行业务有关的法律空白,并落实相应的配套规制机制,以尽快完善与直销银行相关的法律规制。由于直销银行业务起源并成熟于欧美发达国家,因此本文认为,应当在进行相应的比较法研究之后,总结出发达国家可推广、可复制的规制经验,从而完成进一步的吸收和本土化。本文以问题为导向,从三个方面出发,研究并总结出我国直销银行法律规制的完善路径:首先,在监管模式方面,我国应在直销银行法律规制中引入混业监管模式和负面清单模式;其次,在风险控制方面,我国应在《商业银行法》的基础上对直销银行进行资本率、杠杆率的特别规制;最后,在配套规制机制方面,我国应落实个人征信体系、个人存款保险制度以及电子证据制度。
[Abstract]:The concept of direct bank in macroscopic and microcosmic points. Macro direct bank refers to the mode of operation of the bank a non entity, that is not dependent on physical outlets, even no bank card issuing entity, mobile phone, computer, remote terminal self-service equipment as the carrier, by telephone, mobile phone app, ". E-mail and non electronic intelligent artificial counter for the new marketing model of micro channel; direct bank in entity level, refers to the operation of the new marketing mode of the independent banking institutions or non independent bank business department. In order to avoid the broad and narrow confusion, this paper will be non hypostatization the level of expression for direct bank direct banking business, so as to distinguish between.1965 years, savings and wealth bank established in Frankfurt Germany (BSV) through the telephone marketing way to carry out a direct banking precedent From the beginning, at the end of 1990s, with the help of Internet technology, direct banking business has been developing rapidly in western developed countries. In the past 20 years, set up in the North American and European direct bank withstood the Internet bubble and the financial crisis has accumulated a mature business model, in more than 10% the Bank of North America and Europe, the local industry's market share has (the ratio is still expanding), the global financial market has become an important part of.2015 in the year September, Minsheng Bank and the Bank of Beijing to determine after the opening of direct banking business, which marks China's banking industry has entered the first year. Taking advantage of the Internet direct bank the financial tide, within a year, including China's large state-owned banks, joint-stock banks, local banks and other small and medium-sized banks, more than 60 banking institutions are carried out The direct banking business. Direct banking business in China's development speed is amazing, thanks to China's banking industry is gradually perfect and inspired by the favorable financial innovation, external power, but because the enterprise of our country administrative levels of the highest back to the bank, so for our country's direct banking business, stable and sustainable development is far more important than the extension speed. As an innovative product of banking and Internet banking industry integration under the direct banking business in addition to systemic risk, the traditional banking business operation risk, credit risk, risk and risk beyond the goodwill, but also has the risk of network security, Internet banking in the the technical risk, therefore, compared with the traditional banking business, the incentives of risk more risk management more difficult, the corresponding legal problem is existing in China Banking industry, Laws and regulations are not fully suitable for direct banking and direct banking business. In order to avoid direct bank in the operation of market failure or other negative situation, our country should fill the "People's Republic of China Commercial Bank Law" and other existing commercial bank law, legal gaps associated with direct banking and direct banking business regulations, and implement the supporting mechanism of regulation accordingly, in order to as soon as possible to improve the relevant legal regulation and direct banks. Due to the origin of direct banking business and mature in developed countries, therefore, should be in the corresponding ratio after more research, summarizes the developed countries can promote replicable regulation experience, thus completing the absorption and localization. In order to further the problem oriented, starting from the three aspects of the research, and summarizes the path to improve the direct legal regulation of banks in China: first, in the mode of supervision Hand, China should introduce mixed supervision mode and negative list mode in the direct banking legal regulation; secondly, in terms of risk control, our country should be the foundation of Commercial Bank Law > < on direct bank capital ratios, leverage the special regulation; finally, in the aspect of supporting the regulation mechanism, China should carry out personal credit system, personal deposit insurance system and evidence system.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

【相似文献】