生鲜电商供应链管理的问题与优化-B公司

发布时间：2018-03-10 09:49

  本文选题：生鲜电商　切入点：供应链管理　出处：《对外经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着互联网的发展,中国的电子商务迅速崛起,人们逐渐习惯了互联网带来的各种红利,电子商务迅速渗透到人们生活的方方面面,在很多领域都诞生了很多的电子商务公司,生鲜电商就是在这种背景下应运而生。2012年是生鲜电商的发展元年,出现了很多业务模式的探索。经历了4年多的发展,虽然生鲜电商还有巨大的发展空间,但是截至现在,很多难点还是没有被攻克,制约生鲜电商发展的瓶颈依然存在,其中最大的难点就是供应链管理。本文以垂直类生鲜电商B公司为例进行阐述和分析,根据B公司供应链管理各个环节的现状及暴露出的问题进行挖掘,分析问题的成因,寻找优化的方向。本文中的供应链管理主要包含供应商管理、商品质量管理、运营管理、库存管理、包装方案、冷链配送管理等。生鲜食品的“安全性要求高、生产周期长、保鲜期较短、高损耗、非标准化、”等特点,导致生鲜电商相较其他电商,在用户体验和成本控制上面临更大的挑战。对供应商的管理不能仅限于事后监管,更需要前置和适当的引导。在质量管理上,要求更高,需要形成完整的管理链条,以保证产品从生产到入库、到出库、到送达顾客、到顾客食用都能符合质量标准;在商品采购管理上,备货需要克服“库存周转与销售的不确定性之间的矛盾”;在运营方式的选择上,因为生鲜电商的引流成本很高,怎么找到相对精准的营销方式,也是个难题;在库内管理上,从商品验收标准的制定和执行,到效期管理和质量巡检,到加工和出库标准的制定和执行,都存在很大的管理难度;在包装方案设计上,既要考虑保温、防撞、美观等功能需求又要保证配送的便利性和控制包装成本,需要根据产品的特点和外在环境的变化因地制宜制定合适的方案,且是个持续开发和优化的过程;在冷链配送上,配送时效和配送成本是生鲜电商面临的最大难题,尤其是怎么解决生鲜电商最后一公里的配送问题,需要探索。本文对以上难点问题进行了简单的探讨,提出了一些优化方向,但是具体的解决办法还需要继续探讨和研究。供应链管理几乎涉及公司运营的各个环节,所有解决方案都离不开各个环节的流程设计、流程的执行和监管,而且没有模式化的管理办法,需要根据自身的特点和变化的情况不断的调整和优化。
[Abstract]:With the development of the Internet, the rapid rise of e-commerce in China, people have become accustomed to the various dividends brought by the Internet, e-commerce has rapidly penetrated into all aspects of people's lives, and many e-commerce companies have been born in many fields. In 2012 was the first year of the development of fresh e-commerce, and many business models were explored. After more than four years of development, although there is still a huge room for development, but up to now, Many difficulties have not been overcome, the bottleneck of restricting the development of fresh e-commerce still exists, among which the biggest difficulty is supply chain management. According to the current situation and exposed problems of supply chain management in Company B, the causes of the problems are analyzed, and the direction of optimization is found. The supply chain management in this paper mainly includes supplier management, commodity quality management, operation management, etc. Storage management, packaging scheme, cold chain distribution management, etc. The characteristics of fresh food such as "high safety requirements, long production cycle, short shelf life, high wastage, non-standardization," and so on, resulting in fresh and fresh e-commerce compared with other e-commerce, Facing greater challenges in user experience and cost control. The management of suppliers should not be limited to ex post supervision, but also need lead and appropriate guidance. In terms of quality management, higher requirements, need to form a complete management chain, In order to ensure that the products can meet the quality standards from production to storage, to delivery, to the delivery of customers, to customer consumption; in the management of commodity procurement, Stock preparation needs to overcome the "contradiction between inventory turnover and uncertainty of sales"; how to find a relatively accurate marketing method is also a difficult problem in the choice of operation mode because of the high drainage cost of the fresh e-commerce business; and in the management of the warehouse, From the formulation and implementation of commodity acceptance standards, to the effective period management and quality inspection, to the formulation and implementation of processing and exiting standards, there are great difficulties in management; in the design of packaging schemes, it is necessary to consider heat preservation and collision prevention. In order to ensure the convenience of distribution and control of packaging cost, the functional requirements, such as aesthetics, need to make appropriate plans according to the characteristics of the product and the changes in the external environment, and it is a process of continuous development and optimization; in the cold chain distribution, it is necessary to make appropriate plans according to the characteristics of the product and the changes in the external environment. Distribution limitation and distribution cost are the biggest problems faced by fresh e-commerce, especially how to solve the distribution problem of the last kilometer of fresh e-commerce, which needs to be explored. In this paper, the above difficult problems are briefly discussed, and some optimization directions are put forward. However, the specific solutions still need to continue to explore and study. Supply chain management involves almost every link in the company's operation, and all solutions are inseparable from the process design, process execution and supervision of each link. Moreover, there is no pattern management method, which needs to be adjusted and optimized according to its own characteristics and changing conditions.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F323.7
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本文编号：1592815