氟处理工艺在宁夏灵武水厂的应用

发布时间：2018-03-13 13:20

本文选题：氟化物　切入点：水处理　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国地下水储存量有限,许多地区的地下水水质状况不良,受到重金属、氟化物、氨氮、有机物等污染,因此地下水水质处理技术急需在供水企业中应用。由于地质结构和污染的原因,宁夏地下水资源表现为资源总量少、空间分布极不均匀、水质差、淡水资源短缺等特点,而宁夏灵武市地下水资源含量也比较有限。现有水源地的水质通过近几年的监测资料显示,灵武水厂水源地的水质指标除氨氮和氟化物的含量超过国家标准的限值外,其它指标均符合国家标准要求。目前我国绝大多数水厂采取的传统的常规水处理工艺无法有效去除水体里的氟化物和氨氮。因此,针对宁夏灵武市的水质污染特点,通过多方技术调研和论证,并对传统的除氟工艺和当今比较先进的膜处理工艺进行比较,确定膜处理工艺具有出水水质稳定、出水生物稳定性好、能够减少混凝剂和消毒剂投加量、减少消毒副产物的产生、可适应不同生产能力的需要、大大减少水厂用地、操作维护方便、自动化控制程度高等优点。因此,从长远考虑,结合灵武的水质特点,本论文研究采取的纳滤和超滤相结合的集中式除氟工艺在技术上可行且必要。为保障纳滤膜系统能长效稳定运行,同时考虑到当地水资源紧缺的现状以及降低运行成本的要求,需设置超滤膜系统作为纳滤系统的预处理单元,同时采用部分原水和纳滤产水勾兑的方案,不但使水质达标、水资源得以充分利用,而且可以有效降低运行成本。但是,即便采用以上的工艺运行方式,通过成本测算,水处理工艺实施后,居民用水的价格必须由现行的1.72元/m3调整到3.33元/m3,才可以维持企业持续经营。当水价不能达到预期价格时,灵武供水企业在持续良性经营方面会存在很大的困难。因此灵武供水企业在保证供水质量与持续发展的同时,应该考虑在供水的模式上或者在营销模式上采取新的方式。对于宁夏灵武经济欠发达而且地下水资源缺乏的地区,用此技术除氟还会带来一定的水资源浪费,且由于水价因素投资回收期也比较长。因此,今后地下水氟处理的研究方向,应该是结合我国国情和各个区域的水质条件研制出适应不同水质条件的高效、廉价、安全、低能耗、节约水资源的除氟材料或设备。
[Abstract]:Groundwater storage in China is limited. Groundwater quality in many areas is poor and polluted by heavy metals, fluoride, ammonia nitrogen, organic matter, etc. As a result of the geological structure and pollution, the groundwater resources in Ningxia are characterized by less total resources, uneven spatial distribution, poor water quality and shortage of fresh water resources. The groundwater resources content in Lingwu City of Ningxia is also relatively limited. The monitoring data of the existing water sources in recent years show that the water quality index of the water source of Lingwu Water Plant is beyond the limit of the national standard except the content of ammonia nitrogen and fluoride. The traditional conventional water treatment process adopted by most water plants in China can not effectively remove fluoride and ammonia nitrogen from the water body. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of water pollution in Lingwu City, Ningxia, the traditional water treatment process can not effectively remove fluoride and ammonia nitrogen from the water body. Through investigation and demonstration of various technologies and comparison between the traditional fluoride removal process and the more advanced membrane treatment process, it is determined that the membrane treatment process has stable effluent quality and good effluent biological stability. It can reduce the dosage of coagulants and disinfectants, reduce the production of disinfection by-products, adapt to the needs of different production capacities, greatly reduce the land use of water plants, facilitate operation and maintenance, and have high degree of automation and control. Combined with the characteristics of Lingwu water quality, the centralized fluorine removal process, which combines nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, is feasible and necessary in technology, in order to ensure the long and stable operation of nanofiltration membrane system. At the same time, considering the shortage of local water resources and the requirement of reducing operation cost, it is necessary to set up ultrafiltration membrane system as the pretreatment unit of the nanofiltration system, and to adopt the scheme of blending part of raw water and nanofiltration water, which not only makes the water quality up to the standard, Water resources can be fully utilized, and the operation cost can be reduced effectively. The price of water for residents must be adjusted from the current 1.72 yuan / m3 to 3.33 yuan / m3 in order to maintain the continuing operation of the enterprise. When the water price cannot reach the expected price, Lingwu water supply enterprises will have great difficulties in sustaining sound operation. Therefore, Lingwu water supply enterprises ensure the quality and sustainable development of water supply at the same time. We should consider taking a new approach in the mode of water supply or in the marketing mode. For areas in Ningxia where the economy of Lingwu is underdeveloped and groundwater resources are scarce, the use of this technology to remove fluorine will also lead to a certain waste of water resources. Therefore, the research direction of groundwater fluoride treatment in the future should be to develop high efficiency, low cost and safety suitable for different water quality conditions in combination with the national conditions of our country and the water quality conditions in various regions. Low energy consumption, saving water resources for the removal of fluorine materials or equipment.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2

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