城市轨道交通突发事件应急管理政企协同问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 21:07

本文关键词：城市轨道交通突发事件应急管理政企协同问题研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市轨道交通作为公共交通的组成部分之一,具有客运量大、占地率小、绿色环保等独特优势,是中大型城市解决公共交通发展和空间资源矛盾的重要措施,也是一座城市现代、科技、文明的重要体现。但随着城市人口的不断激增,国内外恐怖威胁日趋严峻,以及其自身封闭、复杂的结构特点,使城市轨道交通运营安全和应急管理面临越来越大的压力和挑战。而面对重特大突发事件,城市轨道交通管理企业往往只能做到日常预防和先期处置,更多需要依靠政府应急救援和处置力量的介入,帮助企业进行应急响应、救援保障和善后恢复。近年来,地方政府为进一步强化突发公共事件的应急管理,提出建立和完善“一案三制”应急合作体系,并明确了“统一指挥、分级负责、团结协作、协同应对”的管理原则。但从实际效果来看,由于政企关系扭曲、职责界限模糊、信息沟通滞后等现象,严重限制了政企协同应急效能的发挥。为进一步改善协同应急困境问题,本文借助危机生命周期、协同论、有限政府等理论基础,在明确城市轨道交通突发事件成因、特点与等级分类等客观因素的前提上,试图通过对上海轨道交通突发事件政企协同的组织体制、运行机制、保障体系等环节的分析,探究其中的具体问题和产生原因。研究发现,上海市政府对城市轨道交通突发事件有着积极的管理意愿,并主动推进了应急预案、信息报送、联合演练等一系列制度和措施的规范。但由于协同决策缺乏沟通和利益平衡、联合演练形式化对预案修订的指导性不够、政企间价值立场不一致等原因,导致协同响应的低效和失灵。因此,本文在借鉴发达国家城市轨道交通应急管理经验的基础上,认为可以通过构建以政府为主导的新型政企协同关系、完善应急协同组织体系、确保协同应急的资源互补以及广泛的社会宣传和技术支持,来加强城市轨道交通突发事件政企协同的管理效能,确保城市轨道交通的运营安全。由于本文主要以上海城市轨道交通为例进行分析,故对其他城市轨道交通应急协同管理的适用性和代表性问题上仍有不足之处,尚需进一步加以改进。
[Abstract]:As one of the components of public transportation, urban rail transit has the unique advantages of large passenger volume, small occupation rate, green environmental protection and so on. It is an important measure to solve the contradiction between public transport development and space resources in medium and large cities. It is also an important embodiment of modern city, science and technology, civilization. But with the rapid increase of urban population, the threat of terrorism at home and abroad is becoming more and more serious, and its own closed, complex structural characteristics. The operation safety and emergency management of urban rail transit are facing more and more pressure and challenge. However, in the face of serious and serious emergencies, urban rail transit management enterprises often can only do daily prevention and pre-disposal. More need to rely on the intervention of government emergency rescue and disposal forces to help enterprises to carry out emergency response, rescue protection and rehabilitation. In recent years, local governments to further strengthen emergency management of public emergencies. This paper puts forward the establishment and perfection of the emergency cooperation system of "one case and three systems", and clarifies the management principles of "unified command, hierarchical responsibility, unity and cooperation, and coordinated response." but from the practical effect, the relationship between government and enterprise is distorted. The blurring of responsibilities and the lag of information communication seriously limit the effectiveness of government and enterprise coordination emergency response. In order to further improve the coordination emergency dilemma, this paper makes use of crisis life cycle, collaboration theory. Based on the theoretical basis of limited government and on the premise of defining the causes, characteristics and classification of urban rail transit emergencies, this paper attempts to establish a cooperative organization system of government and enterprises in Shanghai rail transit emergencies. Operating mechanism, security system and other links of analysis, to explore the specific problems and causes. The study found that the Shanghai Municipal Government has a positive willingness to manage urban rail transit emergencies. And actively promoted a series of systems and measures such as emergency plan, information reporting, joint exercise, etc. But due to the lack of communication and balance of interests in collaborative decision-making, formal joint exercise is not enough to guide the revision of the plan. The inconsistency of value stand between government and enterprise leads to the low efficiency and failure of coordinated response. Therefore, this paper draws lessons from the experience of urban rail transit emergency management in developed countries. It is believed that the cooperative organization system of emergency response can be improved by building a new kind of government-oriented cooperative relationship between government and enterprises to ensure the complementarity of resources and extensive social propaganda and technical support. To strengthen the urban rail transit emergency government and enterprise coordination management efficiency, to ensure the operational safety of urban rail transit. As this paper mainly takes Shanghai urban rail transit as an example to analyze. Therefore, there are still shortcomings in the applicability and representativeness of emergency cooperative management of other urban rail transit, which need to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D63

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