威宁彝族回族苗族自治县迤那镇农民生计方式变迁研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 22:47

本文关键词： 迤那镇农民生计方式变迁　出处：《贵州民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放、扶贫开发、建设社会主义新农村等政策的实施,城镇化进程的加快以及“打工经济”的出现,民族地区农村发生了翻天覆地的变化,农民的生计方式也发生了前所未有的变化。在农村经济社会转型期、全面建成小康社会关键期,探索、创新民族地区农民生计方式变迁,关系着能否攻克贫困难题,关系着能否奋力实现后发赶超,关系着能否最终全面建成小康社会,对于解决新时期“三农”问题和做好现阶段民族工作具有重大而深远的意义。本文以威宁彝族回族苗族自治县迤那镇作为田野调查点,运用文献研究法、实地调查法、跨学科研究法、图表分析法等研究方法,秉持马克思主义民族理论与民族政策为指导,深入探讨了迤那镇农民生计方式变迁。迤那镇农民生计方式变迁沿着从“计划经济”到“社会主义市场经济”、从“生理需求”到“尊重需求”、从“满足生存”到“追求财富”演进,经历了以农业为主、畜牧业为辅的传统生计方式,到以农牧业为主、兼林业、副业及外出务工的现代生计方式,再到以农业为主、牧林业为辅,兼外出务工及多种副业于一体的多元生计方式的过程。由于社会经济的发展、国家政策的扶持、民族文化的接触、科学技术的应用和农民自身的发展等内外因素的共同作用导致了迤那镇农民生计方式由单一到多元、由同质性到异质性的转变,呈现出多样化的趋势,具有条件性和计划性的特点。农民生计方式变迁与社会主义制度的确立和市场经济体制的建立密切相关。从迤那镇农民生计方式变迁的过程来看,生计方式变迁与社会变迁、文化变迁紧密相关,生计方式变迁和生计方式之间存在着辩证关系。迤那镇农民生计方式的多元发展,得益于人与自然的唇齿相依、国家政策和政府部门的帮助扶持、民族和传统文化的力量支持。目前,迤那镇农民生计方式变迁实现了现代与传统的良性互动、共存互补,但尚未实现良性可持续生计发展,仍存在问题和困惑。在经济新常态下,迤那镇农民生计方式变迁将面临新的机遇和挑战。因此,研究迤那镇农民生计方式变迁和探索少数民族良性可持续发展生计道路,需要从实际出发,以中国共产党的民族政策为指导,从民族理论、民族政策和农民生计方式三个层面提出建构性思考。在未来,迤那镇农民生计方式变迁将伴随着各民族的共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展迈向新的发展阶段,将在各民族的交往交流交融中实现良性可持续发展。而迤那镇各民族也将在“平等、团结、互助、和谐”的新型民族关系中实现共同繁荣发展,在全面建成小康和中华民族伟大复兴的征程中实现华丽转身。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of policies such as reform and opening up, poverty alleviation and development, construction of new socialist countryside, the acceleration of urbanization and the emergence of "working economy", the rural areas of ethnic minority areas have undergone earth-shaking changes. In the transition period of rural economy and society, the key period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, exploring and innovating the changes of farmers' livelihood mode in minority areas. It is related to whether to overcome the difficult problem of poverty, whether to strive to achieve catch-up and overtake, and whether to build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is of great and far-reaching significance to solve the "three rural" problems in the new period and to do a good job in the national work at this stage. This paper takes the town of Weining Yi Hui Miao Autonomous County as the field investigation point, and applies the literature research method. Field investigation, interdisciplinary research, chart analysis and other research methods, guided by Marxist national theory and national policy. This paper probes into the changes of farmers' livelihood mode in Yunna Town, which goes from "planned economy" to "socialist market economy", from "physiological demand" to "respecting demand". The evolution from "satisfying survival" to "pursuing wealth" has gone through the traditional livelihood mode of agriculture and animal husbandry, to the modern livelihood of agriculture and animal husbandry, forestry, sideline and migrant workers. Then to agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry as a supplement, and migrant workers and a variety of sideline in one of the multiple livelihood process. Due to the development of social and economic, the support of national policies, the contact of national culture. The application of science and technology and the development of farmers and other internal and external factors lead to the transformation of farmers' livelihood mode from single to pluralistic, from homogeneity to heterogeneity, showing a trend of diversification. The change of farmers' livelihood mode is closely related to the establishment of socialist system and the establishment of market economy system. The change of livelihood mode is closely related to social and cultural changes, and there is a dialectical relationship between the change of livelihood mode and the way of livelihood. The pluralistic development of farmers' livelihood mode in Yona town benefits from the mutual dependence of man and nature. With the help of national policies and government departments, the support of national and traditional culture. At present, the transformation of farmers' livelihood mode in Yancheng has realized the positive interaction between modern and traditional, coexistence and complementarity. However, there are still problems and puzzles in the development of sustainable livelihood. Under the new normal state of economy, the transformation of farmers' livelihood mode in Yona Town will face new opportunities and challenges. To study the vicissitude of farmers' livelihood mode and explore the way of sustainable development of ethnic minorities, we need to proceed from the reality, guided by the national policy of the Communist Party of China, and from the national theory. In the future, the vicissitude of farmers' livelihood mode in Yonan Town will be accompanied by the common unity and struggle of all nationalities and common prosperity and development to a new stage of development. We will achieve sound and sustainable development through exchanges and exchanges among all ethnic groups, and all ethnic groups in the town will also achieve common prosperity and development in the new type of ethnic relations of "equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony." In the overall building of a well-off and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the journey to achieve magnificent turnaround.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D633

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