中国儿童福利制度:时代演进、现实框架和改革路径

发布时间：2018-02-04 06:08

本文关键词： 儿童福利制度概念争议时代演进现实框架改革路径　出处：《河北学刊》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年来,困境儿童如留守儿童、流动儿童、单亲儿童等被侵害现象不断增多,使得有关中国儿童福利制度的讨论再次成为学术界关注的焦点。本文以广义儿童福利概念作为分析视角,系统的梳理了中国儿童福利制度的时代演进、现实框架和改革路径,以期对现有儿童福利制度的建构方向进行理论上的反思。新中国成立后,中国儿童福利制度在经历了探索时期(1949—1965)、停滞时期(1966—1985)、重建时期(1986—2005)和转型时期(2006至今)四个阶段的发展历程后,儿童福利政策、儿童福利机构和儿童福利项目已经初步构建起来,并业已形成了相对完善的法律和资金保障体系。但未来中国仍然需要在服务提升、责任优化和改革衔接等三个方面深化对儿童福利制度更加有效的构建,通过对既有制度框架的补充完善,进一步增强儿童福利制度抵御风险的能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the plight of children such as left-behind children, migrant children, single-parent children and other violations are increasing. Make the discussion of the Chinese child welfare system become the focus of academic attention again. This paper systematically combed the evolution of the Chinese child welfare system from the perspective of the broad concept of child welfare. The realistic framework and the reform path are expected to reflect on the direction of the construction of the existing child welfare system. After the founding of New China, the Chinese child welfare system has experienced a period of exploration during the period of 1949-1965). After the period of stagnation (1966-1985), the period of reconstruction (1986-2005) and the period of transition (2006-present), the child welfare policy was developed. Child welfare institutions and child welfare programs have been initially constructed, and a relatively complete legal and financial system has been formed. However, China still needs to upgrade its services in the future. The three aspects of responsibility optimization and reform link deepen the more effective construction of child welfare system and further strengthen the ability of resisting risks through the complement and perfection of the existing system framework.
【作者单位】：南京大学社会学院;兰州大学管理学院;
【基金】：2010年度教育部重大课题攻关项目《中国适度普惠型社会福利理论和制度构建研究》(10JZD0033) 2014年度山东女子学院全国家庭教育试验研究基地招标项目(ZD201403)
【分类号】：D632.1
【正文快照】： 一、社会福利与儿童福利的概念争议在世界范围内,“社会福利”(Social Welfare)的概念内涵随着人类经济发展水平和认知能力的提升而出现了明显嬗变。早期“社会福利”概念体现出较强的补缺型特点,其政策设计所针对的个体往往以特定困难人群为主,如美国社会保障署(Bureau of Pu

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