灾难管理中的两面神雅努斯——仍有脆弱性,但已具弹韧性

发布时间：2018-02-05 01:43

本文关键词： 灾难管理脆弱性弹韧性斯里兰卡　出处：《西南民族大学学报(人文社科版)》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：基于对斯里兰卡一个海啸侵袭后的村庄的民族志考察,本文探讨了灾难管理的两面神特质——"仍有脆弱性,但已具弹韧性"。在海啸灾后重建中,各种人道主义机构与项目基于社区灾难管理理念,强调培养村庄的弹韧性,而其所采用的方法、视野与措施却是极其模糊多样的,于是在具体实践中,不仅充满着围绕弹韧性和脆弱性的争论,而且各个重建参与者对这对概念及其关系也有不同的理解与体现。在这样一出"社会戏剧"中,为吸引进一步的援助,村民们努力在两面神的"脆弱性"与"弹韧性"之中寻精巧的平衡将弹韧性的程度展演得恰如其分,以给脆弱性留以足够余地。最后,本文强调,对灾难管理中弹韧性和脆弱性的人类学讨论,须将之放在地方的历史性中去理解其多重面向,同时揭示其中包含的冲突表达与政治意涵。
[Abstract]:Based on the ethnography of a village after the tsunami in Sri Lanka, this paper discusses the two aspects of disaster management: "there is still vulnerability, but it is resilient". A variety of humanitarian agencies and projects are based on the concept of community disaster management, emphasizing the development of resilience in villages, but the methods, vision and measures are extremely fuzzy and diverse, so in practice. Not only are there debates about resilience and vulnerability, but the various reconstruction participants have different understandings and embodiments of the concept and its relationship. In such a "social drama", to attract further assistance. Villagers try to find a delicate balance between "vulnerability" and "resilience" on both sides of the coin. The degree of resilience is appropriately developed to allow enough room for vulnerability. Finally, this paper emphasizes. The anthropological discussion of resilience and vulnerability in disaster management must be placed in the context of local history to understand its multiple dimensions, while revealing the conflicting expressions and political implications involved.
【作者单位】：意大利卡塔尼亚大学人类学系;四川大学中国藏学研究所;西南民族大学外国语学院;
【基金】：西南民族大学外国专家引智项目“西南民族地区灾害场景辨析的人类学研究”(2015-032)阶段性成果
【分类号】：C912.4
【正文快照】： 在2004年印度洋大海啸发生两年后,时任联合国秘书长特使的比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton)发布了一份关于海啸灾后恢复的报告。报告给出了引导灾后干预的10条关键提案。其中在第10条中,提及了弹韧性(resilience)概念,称应通过降低社区脆弱性(vulnerability)同时提升社区弹韧性的方

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