雾霾治理中的政府责任研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 13:16

本文关键词： 雾霾治理政府责任责任实现　出处：《南华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国多地频发雾霾污染。PM2.5、气溶胶等词汇一度成为舆情热点,蓝天白云成为人们认为“最稀缺的资源”。我国的雾霾污染呈现范围广、面积大、持续时间长等显著特点。污染发生时会有大量极细微的颗粒物附着于雾滴上并悬浮在空中,造成空气混浊、能见度变差,给公众的身心健康、交通出行以及社会的经济发展甚至国家形象造成不同程度的危害。我国雾霾污染的主要成因在于长期以来为追求经济发展而忽略对生态环境的保护。治理如此严重的雾霾污染,需要依赖政府的科学决策、企业的配合、公众的参与、科技的进步等多种途径多管齐下,每个公民都必须承担起治理雾霾和保护生态环境的重任。而政府作为公共事务的管理者,拥有强大的资源优势和动员能力,对雾霾污染的治理有着不可推卸的责任。在雾霾治理过程中,政府承担着四种具体责任,即保证必要的大气质量、制定并严格执行环境法律法规及相关政策、促进公众环境参与以及未能履行这些职责时承担相应的不利后果。然而,就我国政府履责的情况来看,由于其治理理念滞后、机构设置缺陷、缺乏问责机制和公众参与机制的原因,政府在雾霾治理过程中存在决策失误、行政法律体系不完善、行政执法不力以及市场调节机制疏忽的失责表现。针对这种状况,当务之急是提出有针对性的强化政府责任履行的建议。为此,在借鉴其他国家成功经验的基础上,尝试提出在雾霾治理中实现政府责任的可行道路:首先,完善环保法律制度,增强政府执法能力;第二,通过树立正确理念、设置科学的环境管理协调机构、实现区域一体化联防联控和长效机制四种途径完善政府的治理职能;第三,通过调整产业结构、加快能源结构转型、发挥市场调节作用以及加大治霾资金投入四个层面落实政府的经济责任;第四,完善公众参与机制;第五,加强雾霾治理中的政府责任追究,建立问责主体多元化的问责机制。总之,开展雾霾治理中政府责任的研究旨在确保政府责任的实现,为早日治理雾霾污染探寻解决之策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's more frequent haze pollution.PM2.5, aerosol words became public hot, blue sky and white clouds become the people that the "scarce resources". China's haze pollution presents a wide range of large area, long duration and other notable features. The pollution occurs when there will be a large number of very small particles attached to the droplet is suspended in the air, causing air pollution, poor visibility, to the public health, transportation and social economic development and even national image caused by different degrees of harm. The main causes of haze pollution in our country for a long time for the pursuit of economic development while ignoring the protection of ecological environment governance. So serious haze pollution, need to rely on the scientific decision of government, enterprise, public participation, and other means of science and technology progress of multi pronged, every citizen must assume governance haze and The responsibility to protect the ecological environment. And the government as a public affairs manager, has a strong resources and ability to mobilize, to control the haze pollution has an unshirkable responsibility. In the haze of governance process, the government undertakes four specific responsibilities, to ensure that air quality necessary, establish and strictly enforce the environmental law regulations and related policies, to promote public participation in environmental and fails to perform these duties shall bear the corresponding adverse consequences. However, as the Chinese government assumed responsibility for the situation, due to the lag of the concept of governance, institution defects, lack of accountability mechanisms and causes of public participation mechanism, the existence of government decision-making mistakes in the process of governance haze and the administrative law system is not perfect, the administrative law enforcement and market regulation mechanism of negligence in default. In view of this situation, a pressing matter of the moment is put forward targeted to strengthen the responsibility of the government Perform advice. Therefore, on the basis of the successful experience of other countries, try to put forward a feasible way to realize government responsibility in haze Governance: first, perfecting the legal system of environmental protection, strengthen the government law enforcement ability; second, to establish a correct concept, setting up scientific environmental management coordination mechanism, to realize the regional integration and long-term joint prevention and control the mechanism of four ways to perfect the functions of governance; third, by adjusting the industrial structure, accelerate the transformation of energy structure, the role of market regulation and strengthening governance haze funds four aspects of the implementation of the government's economic responsibility; fourth, improve the public participation mechanism; fifth, strengthen the government responsibility in the haze of governance, the establishment of accountability subject the diversification of the accountability mechanism. In short, implementation of government responsibility to carry out haze governance to ensure that the responsibility of the government for the early treatment of haze Pollution Solutions The policy.

【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513;D630

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