交通管制条件下应急物资调运问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 23:03

本文关键词： 应急物资调运交通管制优化车辆等待方案贪心算法　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,自然灾害、公共安全等重大突发性事件在我国甚至世界范围内频发,严重威胁着人民的生命财产安全。在突发事件面前,积极应对成为解决问题的关键,应急管理及相关决策系统的研究与开发的重要性更加突显。灾害发生后,需要大量的应急物资来保障应急救援工作的开展。而突发性事件的发生伴随着各种不确定性因素,这使应急物资的快速有效调运成为应急救援工作的首要问题。为将应急物资快速调运至受灾区,需要对道路采取相应的交通管制措施。而交通管制的实施必然会对社会车辆的正常运行带来干扰,从而产生一定程度的扰民。开展交通管制条件下的应急物资调运问题研究不仅可以保障在应急规定时间内将物资调运至受灾区而且可以使因交通管制造成的扰民程度最小,从而提高应急救援工作的效率和效益。本文首先对交通管制条件下应急物资调运的道路和车辆运行特点进行分析,构建基于单点对单点以及多出救点的应急物资调运的交通管制模型,设计算法求解模型,求得问题解决方案,并以实验分析和验证算法与模型的有效性。本文的主要创新点及贡献如下:1)针对单点对单点的应急物资调运问题,提出一种基于贪心思想的交通管制方案优化算法本文首先从单供应点对单受灾点问题研究着手,考虑路段管制的具体方式,即全管制、半幅管制以及不管制,并对路段进行分时间段管制,提出基于贪心思想的交通管制优化算法,以应急规定时间为上限,最终求得的交通管制方案不仅能保证应急物资在规定时间内调运至受灾区而且因交通管制造成的扰民程度最小。实验结果显示该算法可以得到满足条件的最优交通管制方案。2)针对多出救点的应急物资调运问题,提出基于贪心思想和车辆等待的交通管制方案优化算法考虑到灾害发生后对于应急物资的巨大消耗,将单点对单点的问题研究扩展到多出救点。在多出救点问题研究中出现了多个不同点的车辆同时到达同一点的拥堵问题。为此,提出基于贪心思想和车辆等待的交通管制方案优化算法,对于出现的车辆拥堵现象运用FIFO的车辆等待策略。求得的车辆等待方案以及最优交通管制方案,确保了应急车辆同时到达共同点时不会出现拥堵,应急物资在规定时间内运达灾区同时因交通管制造成的扰民程度最小。实验结果表明该算法对于解决多出救点应急物资调运问题效果显著。本文通过对交通管制条件下应急物资调运问题深入探讨,运用具备现实意义的数学模型,设计较为严谨的模型算法,以层层递进的方式研究问题,在解决单点对单点问题研究基础上,对于多出救点问题进行较为详细的分析,并提出有效的解决方案,从而为应急救援工作的开展提供科学的理论指导与研究方法,可以广泛应用于抢险救灾、军事物资调运等多个方面,具有十分重要的理论价值和应用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters, public safety and other major emergencies occur frequently in China and even around the world, seriously threatening the safety of people's lives and property. In the face of emergencies, active response becomes the key to solve the problem. The importance of research and development of emergency management and related decision-making system is more prominent. After disasters, a large number of emergency materials are needed to ensure the development of emergency relief work. This makes the rapid and effective dispatch of emergency supplies a primary issue in emergency relief work. In order to quickly transfer emergency supplies to the affected areas, It is necessary to take corresponding traffic control measures on roads, and the implementation of traffic control will inevitably interfere with the normal operation of social vehicles. The research on the transportation of emergency materials under traffic control conditions can not only guarantee the transportation of materials to the affected areas within the prescribed time of emergency, but also minimize the disturbance caused by traffic control. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency rescue work. Firstly, this paper analyzes the road and vehicle operation characteristics of emergency material transfer under traffic control conditions. The traffic control model of emergency material transportation based on single point to single point and multiple rescue points is constructed, and the algorithm solution model is designed to solve the problem. The main innovation and contribution of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the problem of single point to single point emergency material transportation, the paper analyzes and verifies the validity of the algorithm and model. This paper presents an optimization algorithm of traffic control scheme based on greedy thought. Firstly, this paper studies the problem of single supply point to single disaster point, and considers the specific ways of road section control, that is, full control, half width control and no control. At the same time, the traffic control optimization algorithm based on greedy thought is put forward, which takes the emergency time as the upper limit. The final traffic control scheme can not only ensure that the emergency materials can be transferred to the disaster area within the specified time, but also cause the least disturbance to the people due to traffic control. The experimental results show that the algorithm can obtain the optimal intersection that meets the conditions. The General Control Program. 2) aims at the transfer of emergency supplies with extra rescue points. A traffic control scheme optimization algorithm based on greedy thought and vehicle waiting is proposed to take into account the huge consumption of emergency materials after a disaster. The study of single point to single point problem is extended to multiple rescue points. In the study of multiple points of rescue, there are many different points of vehicles arriving at the same point of congestion at the same time. For this reason, An optimization algorithm of traffic control scheme based on greedy thought and vehicle waiting is proposed. The vehicle waiting scheme and the optimal traffic control scheme are obtained by using FIFO's vehicle waiting strategy for the traffic congestion phenomenon. To ensure that emergency vehicles arrive in common at the same time without congestion, The results of the experiment show that the algorithm is effective in solving the problem of emergency material transportation at the extra rescue points. In this paper, traffic control is carried out to solve the problem of emergency material transportation in the disaster area. In this paper, traffic control is carried out to solve the problem of emergency material transportation. An in-depth discussion on the transfer of emergency materials under the conditions, Using the mathematical model with practical significance, designing a more rigorous model algorithm, studying the problem in the way of layer by layer progression, on the basis of solving the single point to single point problem, the paper makes a more detailed analysis on the problem of more outburst points. And put forward effective solutions so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance and research methods for the development of emergency relief work, which can be widely used in many aspects, such as rescue and disaster relief, military material transfer, etc. It has very important theoretical value and application value.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.5

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