民族习惯法与刑法解释立场研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 07:11

本文关键词： 形式解释论实质解释论民族习惯法　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民族习惯法作为我国民族地区维护社会秩序,解决矛盾冲突的民间规则,具有深厚的历史传承、文化根基和生存土壤。从法社会学、人类学立场来看,民族习惯法产生于民族禁忌以及人类的模仿,它经历了漫长的发展过程。从原始社会时期的氏族习惯法发展到今天,更加丰富完善,即使在法制大一统的趋势下习惯法在我国少数民族地区仍然保持着活力,如在刑事领域、婚姻家庭领域等。民族习惯法对我国刑法的影响主要体现在定罪量刑方面,始终影响着我国的司法实践活动。在刑法解释立场上,存在着形式的刑法解释论与实质的刑法解释论之分。形式的刑法解释论所主张的是对刑罚法规进行字面的、形式的解释,实质的刑法解释论主张对刑罚法规进行实质的、合目的的解释。虽然形式的解释论在解释法律时力求体现立法原意,否定了司法权的恣意和专横,但是我们不能保证解释者在解释法律文本时不带有自身对法律的理解或者说偏见,而完全站在立法者的角度去阐释法律文本的含义。即使解释者的解释达到了上述要求,但这种立法原意在适用时可能会因社会发展而导致不公平。在形式解释论下,民族习惯法是独立于立法原意的规则,因而在刑法解释中失去了存在的意义。形式的刑法解释论的漏洞是显而易见的,即偏执地强调法律的安定性和安全价值,从而忽视了法律的实质正义和保护机能。实质解释论认为刑法解释的意义不在于探明立法者当时的意思表示,而在于对法律文本进行时代性的解读,在当今的情况和现在的语境下阐述法律文本的意义。实质解释论在适用中并不与我国刑法中的罪刑法定原则相冲突,反而促进了这一原则的发展,它有助于树立刑法的权威以及实现法律的实质正义,所以实质解释论在我国的存在是合理的。虽然形式的刑法解释论有助于实现刑法的安定性,但无法维持我国刑事制定法与习惯法之间的平衡;但实质的刑法解释论却有助于我国刑事制定法与民族习惯法之间的良性互动,为民族习惯法进入刑事司法提供了更大的空间,因此我国刑法应确立与贯彻实质的刑法解释论。
[Abstract]:As a folk rule for maintaining social order and resolving contradictions and conflicts in ethnic areas of China, ethnic customary law has a profound historical heritage, cultural foundation and survival soil. From the standpoint of sociology of law and anthropology, The national customary law, which originated from national taboos and human imitations, has experienced a long process of development. From the primitive society period, the customary law of the clan developed to today, more abundant and perfect. Even under the trend of unifying the legal system, the customary law still maintains vitality in the minority areas of our country, such as in the criminal field, in the field of marriage and family, and so on. The influence of the national customary law on the criminal law of our country is mainly reflected in the aspect of conviction and sentencing. From the standpoint of criminal law interpretation, there is a distinction between formal criminal law interpretation and substantive criminal law interpretation. What the formal criminal law interpretation advocates is the literal and formal interpretation of the criminal law. The substantive interpretation of criminal law advocates a substantive and purposeful interpretation of criminal law. Although formal interpretation tries to embody the legislative intent in interpreting the law, it negates the arbitrariness and arbitrariness of judicial power. However, we cannot guarantee that the interpreter will interpret the legal text without his own understanding of the law or prejudice, but with the interpretation of the meaning of the legal text from the perspective of the legislator, even if the interpreter's interpretation meets the above requirements. However, such legislative intent may lead to unfairness due to social development when applied. Under formal interpretation, national customary law is a rule independent of the legislative intent. Therefore, there is no meaning in the interpretation of criminal law. The loophole in the theory of criminal law interpretation is obvious, that is, the bigoted emphasis on the stability and security value of the law. Therefore, the substantive justice and protection function of the law are ignored. The theory of substantive interpretation holds that the meaning of the interpretation of criminal law lies not in the understanding of the expression of intention of the legislator at that time, but in the interpretation of the legal text of the times. In the present situation and in the present context, the meaning of the legal text is expounded. The theory of substantive interpretation does not conflict with the principle of legality in the criminal law of our country in its application, but on the contrary, it promotes the development of this principle. It helps to establish the authority of the criminal law and to realize the substantive justice of the law, so the existence of the theory of substantive interpretation in our country is reasonable, although the formal interpretation of the criminal law contributes to the stability of the criminal law. However, it is impossible to maintain the balance between criminal law and customary law in our country, but the theory of interpretation of criminal law in essence is helpful to the positive interaction between Chinese criminal law and national customary law, and provides a greater space for national customary law to enter into criminal justice. Therefore, China's criminal law should establish and carry out the essence of the interpretation of criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924;C954

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