我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理的能力建设研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 10:15

本文关键词： 地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力建设　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今社会,突发性自然灾害事件频频发生,这些事件极大地影响着社会与经济的稳定和发展,同时也凸现政府的应急管理能力建设水平和执政水平有待提升的必要性,加强自然灾害应急管理能力建设成为了世界性的课题。自然灾害的频繁发生很容易波及社会的公共安全,同时也给我国人民的生命财产安全带来巨大的威胁,地方政府作为我国应对自然灾害的第一线负责人,却不能很好的处理自然灾害事件,我国每年因自然灾害死亡的人数达数千人以上,造成的经济损失达数千亿之多。由此可以认识到,我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力和水平还不适应于自然灾害发生及演变的现实,地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力建设亟须进一步完善与提高。对我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力建设进行研究,采用了文献研究法、比较分析法、案例分析法。采用文献研究法,主要是通过对国内外文献和前人的理论观点进行梳理总结,发现其中存在的不足,进行研究解析。采用比较分析法,主要是通过国内外自然灾害应急管理能力建设的比较研究,发现问题,进行分析总结。采用案例分析法,通过对自然灾害事件的实践,检验地方政府应急能力的进展,以及新出现的问题。同时,运用了自然灾害理论、应急管理理论、公共治理理论,对我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力建设进行研究。自然灾害理论阐述了自然灾害的形成和爆发的原因,以及自然灾害孕育的环境等。应急管理理论阐述了应对自然灾害应该注意什么细节,采取什么措施,怎样进行防范和管理。公共治理理论主要从政府的角度阐述了维护社会的公共安全和保障人民生命财产安全的责任。通过对我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力建设的分析研究,得出的结论是我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力缺失严重。我国应急管理研究起步晚,发展落后,经过多年的发展,尤其是从SARS事件以后,我国政府开始重视应急管理研究,应急管理无论是理论还是实践都得到突破性的进展。但是,薄弱的基础,使得政府在应对自然灾害时总会出现大大小小的问题,尤其是处于一线管理的地方政府。案例分析中,这一点体现的比较明显。不过,经过多次重大自然灾害的实践锻炼和经验总结,我国地方政府的应急管理能力建设还是有明显的进步,无论是应急管理的专业技术水平,还是各种装备设置,都有明显的改善。从总体上来说,我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理能力建设有了一定的进步,但是,目前我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理工作进展还不是很平衡,仍存在一些问题,还需要地方政府加大自然灾害应急管理的能力建设。
[Abstract]:In today's society, sudden natural disasters occur frequently, which greatly affect the stability and development of society and economy. At the same time, it also highlights the necessity of improving the level of emergency management capacity building and governing level of the government. Strengthening the capacity of natural disaster emergency management has become a worldwide issue. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters can easily affect the public safety of the society, but also bring a huge threat to the safety of the lives and property of the people of our country. As the first line responsible for natural disasters in our country, local governments are unable to deal with natural disasters well. The number of people killed by natural disasters in our country reaches more than thousands every year. The resulting economic losses amount to hundreds of billions of dollars. From this, it can be recognized that our local governments' ability and level of emergency management of natural disasters are not yet adapted to the reality of the occurrence and evolution of natural disasters. The construction of local government's natural disaster emergency management capacity should be further improved and improved. This paper studies the construction of local government's natural disaster emergency management capacity, and adopts the method of literature research and comparative analysis. Case analysis. Literature research method is adopted, mainly through combing and summing up the domestic and foreign literature and predecessors' theoretical viewpoints, finding out the shortcomings in the research and analyzing, using comparative analysis method, Mainly through the domestic and foreign natural disaster emergency management capacity construction comparative research, discovers the question, carries on the analysis summary. Uses the case analysis method, through to the natural disaster event practice, tests the local government emergency response ability progress, And emerging problems. At the same time, the theory of natural disaster, the theory of emergency management, the theory of public governance, This paper studies the construction of local government's emergency management capacity for natural disasters. The natural disaster theory expounds the causes of the formation and outbreak of natural disasters. And the environment in which natural disasters are conceived. The theory of emergency management states what details and measures should be taken to deal with natural disasters. How to prevent and manage. The theory of public governance mainly expounds the responsibility of maintaining the public safety of the society and ensuring the safety of people's life and property from the angle of the government. The analysis of construction, The conclusion is that the ability of natural disaster emergency management of local government is seriously lacking. The research of emergency management in our country started late and developed backward. After years of development, especially after the SARS incident, our government began to attach importance to the study of emergency management. Emergency management has made a breakthrough both in theory and practice. However, because of its weak foundation, the government will always have big and small problems in dealing with natural disasters, especially local governments who are on the front line of management. However, after many major natural disasters have been practiced and summed up, our local governments have made significant progress in building their capacity for emergency management, regardless of their professional and technical level of emergency management. As a whole, our local governments have made some progress in building the capacity of natural disaster emergency management, but, At present, the progress of natural disaster emergency management of local government in our country is not very balanced, there are still some problems, and it is necessary for local government to strengthen the capacity construction of natural disaster emergency management.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

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