城市交通政策制定与实施过程中公众参与的程序研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 11:00

本文关键词： 交通政策公众参与程序拥堵收费　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济与社会的发展,城市人口数量不断增长,导致人们对交通的需求量持续上升。近年来交通拥堵、环境污染等由城市交通引发的问题逐步显现,城市交通政策的制定与实施,会直接关系到百姓的切身利益,更关系到城市交通资源配置和城市交通的长远发展。公众作为交通政策影响的群体,应该以适当的方式参与到交通政策的制定中来,表达公众利益,提升公共政策的科学性与合理性。本文首先对国内外交通领域公众参与的文献进行整理与分析,从社会契约论、公共选择理论、程序正义理论和博弈论四方面研究了公众参与的理论基础。对德国、美国和英国的城市交通领域公众参与程序进行总结归纳,结合斯德哥尔摩拥堵收费与首尔市公交改革的公众参与进过程行案例分析,借鉴其中的成功经验。通过绘制与分析我国现行的决策程序,发现政府与公众之间缺少直接沟通的渠道。在对目前我国公众参与存在的问题分析后发现,我国公众参与缺少程序化的规定,并且参与程度不深、范围不广,公众的参与意识不强。本文提出针对我国城市交通政策制定与实施中的公众参与,提出分为:问题提出、问题诊断、提出解决方案、方案评价与决策、方案执行、方案后评价以及反馈7个阶段的程序建议。相应的公众参与层次由低至高分为告知、咨询、协商、交互和动员五种形式。本文结合2014年北京市实施公共交通票价改革案例,对现行的公众参与过程进行分析与评价,北京市公共交通票价改革是较为成功的案例,但方案后评价与反馈机制方面仍有欠缺。在此基础上给出对北京市拟实施的拥堵收费政策公众参与程序的设计及相关建议,拥堵收费政策应包含完整的公众参与程序,前期展开深入的社会调研,多渠道多方式征集公众意见,重视后评价环节,并健全反馈机制,提高公众对政策的支持和理解。本文在结论部分对改善我国城市交通政策制定中公众参与制度给出以下对策建议:建立政府与公众直接沟通的渠道,建立健全交通领域公众参与的法律制度,设计不同种类的公众参与程序规范,合理选择公众参与的方式,培养公众参与的意识与能力。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the number of urban population is increasing, which leads to the increasing demand for traffic. In recent years, traffic congestion, environmental pollution and other problems caused by urban traffic gradually appear. The formulation and implementation of urban transport policy will have a direct bearing on the vital interests of the people, as well as on the allocation of urban traffic resources and the long-term development of urban traffic. We should take part in the formulation of transportation policy in an appropriate way, express the public interests and promote the scientific and reasonable nature of the public policy. Firstly, this paper collates and analyzes the literature on public participation in the field of transportation at home and abroad, and analyzes it from the perspective of social contract. Public choice theory, procedural justice theory and game theory are four aspects to study the theoretical basis of public participation. Combined with the case study of Stockholm congestion charge and public participation in the public transport reform in Seoul, the paper draws lessons from the successful experience and draws on and analyzes the current decision-making procedures in China. It is found that there is a lack of direct communication between the government and the public. After analyzing the problems existing in the public participation in our country at present, we find that the public participation in our country is lack of procedural regulations, and the degree of participation is not deep and the scope is not wide. The public participation consciousness is not strong. This paper puts forward that the public participation in the formulation and implementation of urban transportation policy in China can be divided into: problem raising, problem diagnosis, solution, scheme evaluation and decision, program implementation. The corresponding public participation levels are divided from low to high into five forms: informing, consulting, consulting, interactive and mobilization. This paper combines the case of Beijing in 2014 to implement the public transport fare reform. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the current process of public participation, the reform of public transport fares in Beijing is a more successful case. However, there are still some deficiencies in the post-evaluation and feedback mechanism of the scheme. On this basis, the design of the public participation procedure for the congestion charging policy to be implemented in Beijing and the relevant suggestions are given. The congestion charging policy should include a complete public participation procedure. In the early stage, we should carry out in-depth social research, collect public opinions through various channels and ways, attach importance to post-evaluation links, and improve the feedback mechanism. In the conclusion part of this paper, the author gives the following suggestions to improve the system of public participation in the formulation of urban transport policy in China: establishing channels of direct communication between the government and the public. To establish and perfect the legal system of public participation in the field of transportation, to design different kinds of procedural norms of public participation, to rationally select the way of public participation, and to cultivate the awareness and ability of public participation.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572.3;D63

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