精准扶贫视域下地方政府政策执行研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:25

本文关键词： 精准扶贫政策执行乡村治理　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公共政策执行向来是政策过程中的重要一环,所谓“三分政策,七分在执行”,一项公共政策能否完整的实现预期目标,关键在于政策执行是否能够顺利进行,进而解决政策问题。政策执行是将计划落到实处的过程,具体执行结果的好坏则是策制定优劣的检测器,同时也为后续的政策评估奠定了基础。贫困问题是我国“十三五”时期为全面建成小康社会而必须要解决的重大现实问题。从我国扶贫政策发展历程来看,“精准扶贫”无疑是中国特色社会主义之下扶贫开发政策的又一进阶性的拓展。在这一宏观背景下,以公共政策执行为研究视角分析甘肃省精准扶贫政策,整体把握甘肃省对于扶贫政策的落实状况,利用政策执行过程发现扶贫难题,为之后政策的不断完善和调整提供切实可靠的依据。精准扶贫政策执行的效果能够反映地方政府执行力的强弱,这与当地经济发展息息相关。通过实地调研,当前精准扶贫政策实际执行状况并不尽人意。具体而言,一是政策自身;二是政府主导式扶贫主体单一,导致资金不足、腐败滋生等体制性问题;三是精准分配到户的扶贫物资,增加了该贫困地区贫困户私人物资占有量,但本区域内公共产品与服务的供给依然不足,尤其是土地产权模糊,财产性利益难以获得;目标群体文化程度低,小农思想依然固化,自治的能力有限,参与扶贫的积极性并不能完全被调动,激励机制难以形成;四是政策所处的自然环境贫弱,资源匮乏,政治性与体制压力大,多数联扶单位自身工作任务重,扶贫工作执行压力一定程度上加重了负担,扶贫工作成了迫于上级压力而不得不承担的任务。本文借公共政策执行过程模型,分别从理想化政策、政策目标群体、政策执行机构和政策环境四个要素及其彼此之间形成的互动关系,针对在精准扶贫政策之下政府执行所遇难题进行了细致分析,并提出相应建议。依据理论框架的引导,从一个新的视角分析扶贫政策执行过程中所遇窘境及原因,并据此给出解决措施。通过分析我们认为,精准扶贫政策执行困境的突破路径在于坚持以人为本,加大农村地区公共环境建设,提升农民单位资源占有量,并并完善政府主导下社会各主体多元参与的格局和贯彻村民自治的价值理念。在扶贫政策日趋完善的时期,需加强与扶贫实践的契合性,引导村民利用扶贫资源积极自治,切实推进国家脱贫攻坚进程和贫困治理能力现代化。
[Abstract]:The implementation of public policy has always been an important part of the policy process. The so-called "three-point policy, seven points of implementation", whether a public policy can achieve its expected goal completely or not, depends on whether the policy implementation can proceed smoothly. Policy implementation is the process of putting the plan into practice, and the good or bad results of the concrete implementation are the detectors for the formulation of good or bad policies. At the same time, it also laid a foundation for the policy evaluation. Poverty is a major practical problem that must be solved in order to build a well-off society in an all-round way during the 13th Five-Year Plan period of our country. From the perspective of the development of poverty alleviation policy in China, "Precision" "Poverty alleviation" is undoubtedly another step forward in poverty alleviation and development policies under socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the perspective of public policy implementation, this paper analyzes the precision poverty alleviation policy in Gansu Province, holds the implementation situation of poverty alleviation policy in Gansu Province, and finds out the problem of poverty alleviation through the process of policy implementation. To provide a reliable basis for the continuous improvement and adjustment of the policy. The effect of the implementation of the precise poverty alleviation policy can reflect the strength and weakness of the local government's executive power, which is closely related to the local economic development. Through field research, At present, the actual implementation of precision poverty alleviation policy is not satisfactory. Specifically, the policy itself, the government led by the main body of poverty alleviation single, resulting in insufficient funds, corruption and other institutional problems; The third is the accurate distribution of poverty relief materials to households, increasing the amount of private goods held by poor households in this poverty-stricken area, but the supply of public goods and services in the region is still insufficient, especially the ambiguity of land property rights and the difficulty of obtaining property benefits; The target group has a low level of education, small farmers' thinking is still solidified, the ability of autonomy is limited, the enthusiasm to participate in poverty alleviation cannot be fully mobilized, and the incentive mechanism is difficult to form; fourthly, the natural environment in which the policy is located is weak and the resources are scarce. Political and institutional pressures are high, and most of the joint support units have heavy work tasks themselves. To a certain extent, the pressure on the implementation of poverty alleviation work has increased the burden. Poverty alleviation has become a task that has to be undertaken under the pressure of higher authorities. This paper uses the process model of public policy implementation, respectively from the idealized policy and policy target groups. The four elements of policy implementation institution and policy environment and their interaction with each other are analyzed in detail in view of the difficulties encountered in government implementation under the policy of precision poverty alleviation, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward, according to the guidance of the theoretical framework. From a new angle of view, this paper analyzes the predicament and reasons encountered in the process of implementing pro-poor policies, and puts forward the solutions accordingly. Through the analysis, we think that the way to break through the predicament of precision poverty alleviation policy implementation lies in adhering to the people-oriented approach. To increase the construction of public environment in rural areas, to increase the possession of resources per unit of farmers, and to perfect the pattern of multiple participation of all social subjects under the guidance of the government and the value concept of villager autonomy. It is necessary to strengthen the correspondence with the practice of poverty alleviation, guide villagers to make use of poverty alleviation resources and actively autonomy, and promote the process of overcoming poverty and the modernization of poverty management ability.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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