透明政府视角下的政府新闻发言人制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 17:34

本文选题：透明政府　切入点：新闻发言人制度　出处：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据卢梭社会契约论的观点,政府透明化是国家对公民应尽的义务,是维护公民知情权的重要体现,是社会进步的必然趋势。随着社会经济的发展,公民权利意识不断觉醒,对参与、监督政府管理的欲望不断高涨,要求政府通过改变管理模式,从单向管理逐渐过渡为政府与公众之间的双向沟通,从信息封闭到信息公开,从掌舵到服务进行转变,从而满足公众的要求,塑造良好的政府形象。政府新闻发言人制度是构建透明政府的重要保障,也是透明政府的重要组成部分。一些西方发达国家在20世纪初期便开始探索建立政府新闻发言人制度,至今已近百年,不管是理论的研究,还是实践的运用,都已相对成熟。而我国在新中国成立初期,就有对外新闻发布,但一直没有形成系统规范的政府新闻发言人制度,这一时期新闻发布的主要目的是进行意识形态宣传,外交政策的传播。直到1983年4月23日,我国正式宣布建立政府新闻发言人制度后,在很长一段时间里,我国的政府新闻发言人制度仍然坚持“以我为主,重在宣传”的理念。它的转折点在2003年“非典”事件的发生,这一事件引发了公众对公共信息的高度重视,激起了对知情权的渴求,政府也被社会舆论推到了风口浪尖上。自此,政府新闻发言人制度的作用从对外宣传为主转向向公众提供公共信息服务,增加政务透明度为主。这一事件,也催生了许多地方政府新闻发言人制度。目前,我国已广泛确立了从国务院到各部委再到各级地方政府的政府新闻发言人三级体制。这些年来,我国政府发言人制度得到了快速发展,但由于起步较晚,而且它的发展很大程度上是自外向内,是社会环境逼迫下地被动完善,因此,存在大量的问题。比如政府新闻发言人定位不明确,政府新闻发布内容不清晰,新闻发布程序不规范等等。本文立足于我国建设透明政府的现实需要,对透明政府视角下如何完善政府新闻发言人制度进行了思考。通过对我国政府新闻发言人制度成立、发展的脉络梳理,对目前我国政府新闻发言人制度存在的问题及原因进行探究,并对美国、英国最早建立该项制度的两个西方国家以及我国香港地区政府新闻发言人制度予以剖析,分析其对完善我国政府新闻发言人制度的启示,从而借鉴他们的经验,结合我国实际情况,提出了一些完善的对策,以期对中国政府新闻发言人制度的建设,对我国打造透明政府有所裨益。
[Abstract]:According to Rousseau's theory of social contract, transparency of government is the duty of the state to citizens, the important embodiment of safeguarding citizens' right to know, and the inevitable trend of social progress. The desire for participation and supervision of government management is constantly rising, requiring the government to gradually transition from one-way management to two-way communication between the government and the public, from information closure to information disclosure, from steering to service by changing the management mode. In order to meet the demands of the public and create a good image of the government, the system of government spokesman is an important guarantee for the construction of a transparent government. It is also an important part of transparent government. In the beginning of 20th century, some western developed countries began to explore the establishment of a system of government press spokesmen, which has been under way for nearly a hundred years, both in theory and in practice. All of them have been relatively mature. In the early days of the founding of New China, China had external press releases, but there had been no systematic and standardized system of government press spokesmen. The main purpose of press releases during this period was to carry out ideological propaganda. The spread of foreign policy. Until April 23rd 1983, after China officially announced the establishment of the government press spokesman system, for a long time, our government press spokesman system still insisted on "we are the main body." The emphasis is on the idea of "propaganda." its turning point was the SARS incident in 2003, which triggered a great deal of public attention to public information and a thirst for the right to know. The government has also been pushed to the forefront by public opinion. Since then, the role of the government press spokesman system has shifted from publicity to providing public information services to the public and increasing the transparency of government affairs. This incident, It has also given birth to many local government press spokesmen systems. At present, China has extensively established a three-level system of press spokesmen for local governments, from the State Council to all ministries and departments to local governments at all levels. Over the past few years, The system of government spokesman in our country has developed rapidly, but because of its late start, and its development is largely self-extroverted and passively perfected under the pressure of social environment, There are a lot of problems. For example, the position of government press spokesman is not clear, the content of government news release is not clear, the news release procedure is not standardized, etc. This paper is based on the realistic need of building a transparent government in our country. This paper thinks about how to perfect the system of government press spokesman from the perspective of transparent government. This paper probes into the problems and causes of the government press spokesman system in our country at present, and analyzes the system of government press spokesman in the United States and Britain, the first two western countries and the Hong Kong region of our country. This paper analyzes its enlightenment to the perfection of the press spokesman system of our government, so as to draw lessons from their experience and combine the actual situation of our country, and puts forward some perfect countermeasures in order to construct the system of the press spokesman of the Chinese government. It will benefit our country to build a transparent government.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G219.2;D630

【相似文献】