统筹发展背景下城乡基本公共服务均等化的治理路径

发布时间：2018-03-09 17:09

本文选题：城乡　切入点：统筹发展　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前中国已处于生存型社会向发展型社会的转型阶段,其直接表现为基本公共服务的潜在需求全面转向现实需要。然而在二元体制下,城乡经济社会发展长期失衡,农村居民难以享有城市居民的同等待遇,在基本公共服务推进过程中受益非常有限。特别是在社会保障、教育资源分配、医疗卫生服务、基础设施建设、公共文化服务、就业机会获取等方面长期滞后于农村的现实需要。城乡居民,特别是农村居民对于基本公共服务的需求与政府供给不均的矛盾,是当前社会的突出问题。城乡基本公共服务非均等化的态势持续蔓延,已经引起了政府、社会和学界的极大关注。伴随着统筹城乡经济社会发展的理念,实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的理论和实践也逐步展开。推进覆盖面之广、历时之久、差异之大的城乡基本公共服务均等化,其难点就在于如何建立必要的保障制度和推广可行的方法,以弥合久拖至深的差异鸿沟,从而维护城乡居民,特别是农村居民享有基本公共服务的合理需求。这是基本权益的诉求、社会公平的现实需要,也是全面提升小康水平和构建和谐社会的题中之义。随着社会各界对城乡基本公共服务失衡的高度关注,城乡基本公共服务均等化的相关研究成果显著。学者们不仅从理论层面进行了多维度的系统分析,也从实践角度对城乡基本公共服务均等化的推进提出了很多政策建议和具体解决方案,并且一些经济繁荣、条件成熟的地区在城乡基本公共服务均等化方面进行了长期探索并取得了优秀经验。本文在学习和借鉴已有研究成果基础上,以我国经济社会转型和二元体制下城乡公共资源配置失衡为背景,首先回顾了国内关于基本公共服务及均等化方面的主要研究文献和理论成果,并归纳关于城乡基本公共服务均等化的主要观点。通过界定基本公共服务均等化的概念,认为城乡基本公共服务是为城乡居民提供的一视同仁的基础性公共服务,均等化过程中须尊重自由选择而非绝对平均,其是一个分层次、分阶段的渐进过程。然后分别分析我国城乡基本公共服务背后的城乡二元体制演变和均等化的成果及不足,得出城乡基本公共服务受制于二元体制的牵绊,成就的取得源于二元体制的松动。继而从供给渠道、决策机制、财权事权、转移支付、治理方式等多角度解读城乡基本公共服务均等化的难点。本文认为,城乡基本公共服务均等化是一个系统性的工程,针对当前面临的困境,应建立健全独立的均等化原则、评价标准、评估制度,在原则的指导下,根据客观评估结果,以相应制度和治理路径扭转城乡基本公共服务的失衡。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the stage of transition from a survival society to a developmental society, which is directly manifested in the overall shift from the potential demand for basic public services to the practical needs. However, under the dual system, the development of urban and rural economic and social development has been out of balance for a long time. It is difficult for rural residents to enjoy the same treatment as urban residents, and the benefits from the promotion of basic public services are very limited, especially in the areas of social security, distribution of educational resources, medical and health services, infrastructure construction, and public cultural services. Employment opportunities have lagged behind the real needs of the rural areas for a long time. The contradiction between the demand for basic public services and the uneven supply of the government among urban and rural residents, especially rural residents, The trend of non-equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas continues to spread, which has aroused great concern from the government, society and academic circles. Along with the concept of overall economic and social development in urban and rural areas, The theory and practice of realizing the equalization of urban and rural basic public services is also gradually unfolded, which promotes the equalization of urban and rural basic public services, which covers a wide range of areas, lasts for a long time, and varies greatly. The difficulty lies in how to establish the necessary safeguards system and promote feasible methods to bridge the long-drawn-out gap between the differences and thus preserve the urban and rural residents, In particular, the reasonable needs of rural residents to enjoy basic public services. This is the demand for basic rights and interests and the realistic need for social equity. It is also the meaning of raising the level of well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious society. With the attention of all walks of life to the imbalance of basic public services between urban and rural areas, The research on equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas has made remarkable achievements. Scholars have not only carried out a multi-dimensional systematic analysis from the theoretical level. It also puts forward many policy proposals and concrete solutions to promote the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas from a practical point of view, and some economic prosperity. Mature regions have made a long-term exploration on the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas and gained excellent experience. Against the background of the economic and social transformation and the imbalance of urban and rural public resources allocation under the dual system, this paper first reviews the main research literature and theoretical achievements on basic public services and equalization in China. By defining the concept of equalization of basic public services, it is concluded that the basic public services in urban and rural areas are the basic public services of equal treatment for urban and rural residents. In the process of equalization, free choice should be respected rather than absolute average. It is a gradual process of stratification and stages. Then, it analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of the evolution and equalization of urban-rural dual system behind the basic public services in urban and rural areas in China. It is concluded that the basic public services in urban and rural areas are constrained by the dual system, and the achievements are due to the loosening of the dual system. Then, from the supply channels, the decision-making mechanism, the financial power and the power to transfer payment, This paper holds that the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas is a systematic project. In view of the current difficulties, we should establish and improve the principle of independent equalization. Under the guidance of principle and according to the objective evaluation result, the evaluation standard and evaluation system can reverse the imbalance of urban and rural basic public service by corresponding system and governance path.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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