失独家庭政府扶助制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 16:36

本文选题：失独家庭　切入点：政府责任　出处：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：失独家庭一般是指独生子女因疾病、意外事故等不可控因素致死,而父母自身因年龄、身体、经济等原因,无法或不愿意再生育子女的家庭。失独家庭的存在是我国特有的社会现象,是国家实施“一胎化”计划生育政策的产物。独生子女的死亡,破坏了稳固的倒金字塔式的家庭结构,部分失独父母成为生无所依、求助无门、维权无据、病无所医、老无所养、死无人送的六无群体。近年来,为了改变自身所面临的生活困境,实现政府应承担的养老保障、生活照料、医疗保健等责任的合理诉求,失独群体发起的信访维权事件日益增多。虽然随着我国全面“二孩”生育政策的实施,失独群体最终会逐步减少直至消失,但目前,我国的失独群体规模尚未达到峰值,在未来一定时期内还将呈现增长趋势,这一特殊群体人数虽无确切定论,但达到数百万却是不争的事实。政府作为失独家庭扶助制度的制定者与养老保障、经济扶助、生活照料、医疗保健等的责任主体之一,能否有效地构建起对失独家庭的扶助体系,切实解决他们的现实困难和后顾之忧,事关社会稳定和谐,事关党和政府的形象,必须高度重视,有效应对。本文以责任政府理论、公共产品理论、新公共服务理论为理论支撑,在分析失独家庭的政府扶助角色与失独家庭利益诉求的基础上,结合对我国现行相关法律、政策文本和典型失独群体信访事件的分析,研究失独家庭的政府扶助政策与制度安排,探究失独家庭的政府扶助实践与存在的问题。研究发现,失独家庭问题日益受到党和政府的高度重视,中央和地方政府针对失独家庭问题出台了一系列扶助政策与措施,取得了一定成效。但是,失独家庭的政府扶助制度依然存在一些问题,表现为:失独扶助法律政策不健全,扶助标准低且保障水平地区差异大,政府扶助重经济扶助轻心理扶助,扶助设置门槛,失独家庭扶助工作机制不健全。基于当前存在的这些问题,应该着力完善失独家庭政府扶助的相关制度,完善失独家庭政府扶助的工作机制等,以进一步完善政府对失独家庭的扶助体系,解除失独家庭晚年生活的后顾之忧,促进社会稳定和谐。
[Abstract]:Families without independence generally refer to the death of an only child due to uncontrollable factors such as illness, accidents, etc., while the parents themselves die because of age, health, economy, and so on. Families that are unable or unwilling to have children again. The existence of families without independence is a unique social phenomenon in China and a product of the country's implementation of the "one-child" family planning policy. It has destroyed the solid inverted pyramid family structure, and some of the dispossessed parents have become the six unsupported groups with no basis for life, no access to help, no basis for safeguarding their rights, no medical treatment for illness, no place to support old people, and no one to send to the dead. In recent years, In order to change the plight of their own lives and realize the reasonable demands of the government for the responsibility of providing for the aged, living care, medical care, etc., With the implementation of the comprehensive "two-child" fertility policy in our country, the number of lost independence groups will eventually decrease and disappear, but at present, the scale of the lost independence groups in China has not yet reached a peak. There will be an increasing trend in the future. Although there is no definite conclusion on the number of this special group, it is an indisputable fact to reach millions. The government, as the maker of the support system for families without independence and for the provision of old-age security and economic assistance, One of the responsible subjects of life care, medical care, and so on, can we effectively construct a support system for families who have lost their independence, effectively solve their practical difficulties and worries, have a bearing on social stability and harmony, and on the image of the party and the government? This paper, based on the theory of responsible government, the theory of public goods and the theory of new public service, is based on the analysis of the role of government support and the interests of families without independence. Based on the analysis of the current relevant laws, policy texts and the cases of letters and visits of the typical group, this paper studies the policy and institutional arrangement of government support for families without independence, probes into the practice and existing problems of government support for families without independence, and finds out that, The issue of families without independence has been paid more and more attention to by the Party and the government. The central and local governments have issued a series of policies and measures to help families without independence. There are still some problems in the system of government support for families without independence, such as imperfect legal policies, low standards of assistance and large regional differences in the level of protection, and the government supports the economy, neglects psychological assistance, and sets the threshold for assistance. The mechanism for helping families without independence is not perfect. Based on the existing problems, we should make efforts to improve the relevant systems of government support for families without independence, and improve the working mechanism of government support for families without independence. In order to further improve the government's support system for families who lost their independence, relieve their worries in their later years, and promote social stability and harmony.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.1

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