街巷型景点的密集人群疏散模型与仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 06:04

本文选题：智能体　切入点：疏散仿真　出处：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的不断发展,旅游、商业活动的日益繁荣,大城市中的街巷型景点区域可能出现人群“井喷”现象,特别是在节假日期间更为突出。研究其人群疏散仿真显得极为重要。街巷型景点密集人群疏散与仿真是一项复杂的系统工程,传统的实验多为近似条件下的大规模演练,需要消耗人力和物力,并极可能因疏散不当造成不必要损失。计算机仿真技术的应用为街巷型景点密集人群疏散仿真工作提供了新的思路。本文基于智能体疏散模型对街巷型景点密集人群进行疏散建模与仿真,以北京市南锣鼓巷街区为例分析了街巷型景点的空间特征和人群特性,对智能体与环境交互增加了躲避障碍物行为。并在B/S架构下实现了模拟疏散这一动态过程。本文的主要工作及创新点如下:(1)提出并建立了基于智能体的街巷型景点人群疏散模型。分析街巷型景点的空间特征、人群特性,并根据属性特征分别进行空间对象设计和智能体对象设计。空间特征参数包括街巷型景点的地理要素距离和面积属性,用于实际的场景建模。人群被抽象为计算机中的智能体对象,考虑人群的性别和年龄属性设计智能体的速度和定义区域半径参数。(2)完成了考虑障碍物的Boids模型构建。Boids模型基本规则分离、队列、聚集行为描述了智能体之间的交互作用,并未考虑与疏散环境之间的交互,即疏散时智能体与环境之间会产生碰撞影响仿真效果。本文设计了智能体躲避障碍物规则,在进行疏散仿真时能够对环境中存在的店铺、墙体等进行躲避。(3)完成了基于智能体的街巷型景点疏散建模并利用canvas技术实现了基于B/S架构的轻量版疏散仿真平台开发工作。其中,实现了Boids的基本规则和躲避障碍物规则开发。对南锣鼓巷密集人群进行疏散仿真实验表明,开发的平台能够为实际的应急指挥工作发挥重要作用,为实际疏散指挥工作提供依据。本文针对南锣鼓巷的空间特征和人群特性进行了分析,完成了疏散场景建模和智能体对象设计。通过Boids模型定义了疏散仿真时的智能体行为规则,并设计了智能体躲避障碍物规则。最后基于B/S架构,开发实现了轻量版疏散仿真平台并进行疏散仿真实验,展现了疏散模型的实用性和有效性。该平台具有简便、易操作特性,有利于集成到智慧景区管理系统中,为景区管理者应急指挥决策提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the prosperity of tourism and commercial activities, the phenomenon of crowd "blowout" may appear in the scenic spot areas of big cities. Especially during holidays and holidays, it is very important to study the simulation of crowd evacuation. The evacuation and simulation of dense people in street attractions is a complex system engineering, and the traditional experiments are mostly large-scale exercises under similar conditions. It takes both human and material resources, The application of computer simulation technology provides a new idea for the simulation work of dense crowd evacuation in street-lane scenic spots. This paper is based on the agent evacuation model to dense street-type scenic spots. Crowd evacuation modeling and simulation, The spatial and crowd characteristics of the street and lane type scenic spots are analyzed with the example of the street block in the south of Beijing. The behavior of avoiding obstacles is added to the interaction between agent and environment, and the dynamic process of simulated evacuation is realized under the framework of B / S. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: 1) A street scene based on agent is proposed and established. Analysis of the spatial characteristics of street-type scenic spots, According to the attribute characteristics, the spatial object design and the agent object design are carried out respectively. The spatial feature parameters include the distance and area attributes of the geographical elements of the street-type scenic spots. For actual scene modeling. The crowd is abstracted as an agent object in a computer, Considering the gender and age attributes of the crowd, the speed of the agent and the radius parameter of the defined area are designed. (2) the basic rule separation, queue and aggregation behavior of the Boids model with obstacles are constructed, which describes the interaction between the agents. The interaction with the evacuation environment is not considered, that is, the collision between the agent and the environment will have impact on the simulation effect. Wall et al. (3) completed the model of street and lane type scenic spot evacuation based on agent, and realized the development of lightweight evacuation simulation platform based on B / S architecture by using canvas technology. The basic rules of Boids and the rules of avoiding obstacles are developed. The simulation results of evacuation of dense people in Nangong and Guxiang show that the developed platform can play an important role in the actual emergency command work. This paper analyzes the spatial characteristics and crowd characteristics of the south gongs and drum roadways, and provides the basis for the actual evacuation command work. The model of evacuation scene and the design of agent object are completed, and the behavior rules of agent in evacuation simulation are defined by Boids model, and the rules of avoiding obstacles are designed. Finally, based on the B / S architecture, the behavior rules of agent are defined. The light version evacuation simulation platform is developed and implemented, and the evacuation simulation experiment is carried out, which shows the practicability and effectiveness of the evacuation model. The platform is simple and easy to operate, which is beneficial to the integration into the intelligent scenic spot management system. To provide reference for emergency command decision of scenic spot manager.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.9;D63

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