安徽省民间慈善组织发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 07:18

本文选题：慈善法　切入点：民间慈善组织　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,在我国经济迅猛发展的同时,一系列的社会矛盾和问题也暴露出来。随着贫富差距逐渐拉大,社会利益分配结构发生了巨大的变化,慈善事业作为社会财富第三次分配的重要手段,逐渐受到了整个社会认同。公民社会开始成长成熟,人们的慈善意识不断地增强,政府不再是唯一的管理者和救济者。伴随2016年《慈善法》的出台,慈善一度成为热点话题,引起了人们极大的关注,公益慈善事业就此发生转折,开启了公益慈善事业在"依法治国"战略下的新起点。《慈善法》中对慈善的定义进行了扩展,接受了现代大慈善的理念,慈善不再仅仅是救灾扶贫,而是将科学、教育、环保、体育、文化发展等领域都包括在内,这种概念的扩充促进慈善组织提供更加多元化的服务,从而更好地发挥慈善组织在社会救助和社会福利中的作用。中华民族自古以来就有乐善好施、守望相助的优良传统,这些思想瑰宝将在法律的规范与保障下被人们发扬光大。2008年发生的汶川大地震有力地唤醒中国人民的公民意识和慈善精神,很多民间慈善组织积极参与到抗震救灾工作中去,在抗震救灾和灾后重建中做出了不可磨灭的贡献。2011年郭美美微博炫富事件等一系列的慈善丑闻使得官办慈善组织公信力直线下降,给官办慈善组织以沉重打击,在官办慈善组织公信力下降举步维艰的时刻,自发自助的民间慈善组织因其组织规模小更加灵活、易于监督以及提供服务针对性强等优势,更加受到人们的信任。安徽省的慈善事业在各级党委、政府的重视和民间力量的协同推动下健康有序发展,主要表现在:慈善组织的政策发展环境得到了改善,组织的服务能力得到了提升,民众的慈善意识也在不断地增强。近几年安徽省自然灾害频发,如2016年洪涝灾害,社会各界纷纷伸出援助之手,安徽省的民间慈善组织迅速开展工作积极参与到各项慈善救灾活动中,为安徽省战胜自然灾害、进行灾后重建做出了积极的贡献。但由于安徽民间慈善组织还处于发展的初级阶段,有着组织数量少、地区分布不均衡、慈善涉及领域不够多元等特点,民间慈善事业尚未形成整体效应,再加上有些已经成立的民间慈善组织缺乏活力,没有自主持续性开展活动,使得慈善工作效能无法有效的发挥。为了更好地将慈善资源服务于民政民生事业,笔者将研究的视角对准安徽省民间慈善组织,基于市场和政府失灵理论、第三次分配理论、以及善治和公民社会理论等对安徽省民间慈善组织的发展中存在的问题进行研究,从法律政策环境、政府角色定位、组织自身能力建设、全方位监督、慈善氛围等方面提出问题,最后针对这些问题提出相应的对策建议,希望安徽省相关政府部门无论从法律政策、资金支持还是慈善文化宣传方面,能够大力支持和培育省内民间慈善组织,弘扬慈善文化,增强公民慈善意识,同时民间慈善组织也要加强自身能力建设,完善组织的信息公开机制和监督机制,重塑组织公信力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of China's economy and society, a series of contradictions and problems are also exposed. With the gradually widening gap between rich and poor, great changes have taken place in the distribution of social interests structure, charity as an important means of social wealth of the third distribution, gradually by the entire social identity of civil society began to grow. Mature, people's awareness of charity is continuously enhanced, the government is no longer the only management and relief. In 2016 with the introduction of "charity law >, once the charity has become a hot topic, has aroused great concern, philanthropy this turning point, opened a public charity in the" rule of law "strategy under the new starting point the charity charity law." the definition is extended, accepted the modern concept of charity, charity is not only poverty relief, but science, education, environmental protection, sports, paper The field of development are included, the expansion of the concept of promoting charitable organizations to provide more diversified services, in order to better play the role of charitable organizations in the social assistance and social welfare. The Chinese nation has a fine tradition of the happy in doing good, mutual help, these thoughts will treasure in the legal norms and protection by the people carry forward the Wenchuan earthquake happened in.2008 Chinese people powerfully awaken civic awareness and spirit of charity, many charitable organizations actively involved in earthquake relief work, in the earthquake relief and post disaster reconstruction and made an indelible contribution to.2011 Jocie Guo micro-blog a series of scandals and other charitable events show off their wealth makes the government credibility of charitable organizations in line fall to official charity organizations with a heavy blow, the official charity organizations decline in the credibility of the hard time, spontaneous Self-help private charitable organizations because of the small scale of organization is more flexible, easy to monitor and provide services for other advantages more trusted by people. Anhui province charity party committees at all levels, collaborative government attention and the power of the people to promote the healthy and orderly development, mainly in: Charity policy development environment the improvement of organizational service ability was improved, people's awareness of charity is growing. In recent years, Anhui province natural disasters, such as floods in 2016, the community have to lend a helping hand, Anhui province private charitable organizations to work quickly to actively participate in various charitable relief activities in Anhui province overcome the natural disaster and post disaster reconstruction and make a positive contribution. But because the private charitable organizations in Anhui is still in the initial stage of development, a number of organizations, area The uneven distribution of charity, relates to the field of diverse enough features, folk philanthropy has not yet formed the overall effect, plus some established private charitable organizations lack of vitality, there are continuing to carry out activities, making charitable work efficiency can not effectively play. To better serve the people's livelihood of charity resources, the author will from the perspective of alignment of private charitable organizations in Anhui Province, based on the theory of market failure and government failure, the third distribution theory, and good governance and civil society theory to study the existence and development of private charitable organizations in Anhui Province, from the legal and policy environment, the role of government, the organization's own ability construction, full supervision, put forward the problem of charity atmosphere, finally puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to solve these problems, I hope the relevant government departments in Anhui Province in terms of legal policy, funds Support or charitable cultural propaganda, to vigorously support and foster private charitable organizations in the province, carry forward the charity culture, enhance citizen awareness of charity and charitable organizations should also strengthen their capacity building, improve the organization of the information disclosure mechanism and supervision mechanism, reshape organizational credibility.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.9

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