新时期基层领导干部行政问责制的对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 05:01

本文选题：新时期　切入点：基层领导干部　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：行政问责制是中国特色社会主义政治制度的重要组成部分,是马克思主义中国化的重要理论成果和制度成果。其实质,是针对党政机构及公职人员的行政作为所可能导致的或已经导致的消极性、否定性后果进行监察、监督、责任划分与责任落实,其目的不单在于问责的处分和惩罚,而在于促使党政机构及公职人员树立起适当的用权意识、责任意识、服务意识与人民意识,推动服务型党政机关的建设与行政效率、质量的提升。可以说,行政问责制既是中国共产党在长期的革命与建设历程中累积的治党经验和治国经验的总结,又是进入新世纪后党中央面对国情、世情、党情的转变提出的建设中国特色社会主义政治的制度创新。基层领导干部是行政问责制度重要的监督、问责对象之一,基层领导干部行政问责制是我国行政问责制度的有机组成。相对而言,当前从宏观上、学理上探讨行政问责制的研究较多,从中观上、理论与实践结合上研究基层领导干部行政问责制的成果较少。本文的立意在于从新时期基层党政建设需要与基层社会发展需要出发,探讨基层领导干部行政问责制度的建设现状、存在问题及原因,从而提出解决问题的对策,以推进和完善我国的基层领导干部行政问责制,使这一良好的政治制度成为“全面从严治党、全面依法治国、全面深化改革和全面建成小康社会”的有力武器。本篇论文的主要结构体系如下:第一部分是绪论。阐述论文的研究意义与目的、文献综述、研究方法、创新之处等内容;第二部分是论述行政问责制的基础理论。首先,从“问责”、“问责制”的释义出发,层层递进解释了“行政问责制”的基本概念。其次,归纳了行政问责制的构成要素,有行政问责主体、行政问责客体、行政问责内容、行政问责程序、行政问责后果五个方面。再次,阐述了行政问责制的基本原则,包括党的领导原则、人民参与原则、依法依规原则、权责相当原则、个人问责与集体问责相统一原则。最后,分析了行政问责制的三大理论来源,分别是马克思列宁的行政问责主张、马克思主义中国化的行政问责思想、西方社会行政问责理论;第三部分是介绍我国推行基层领导干部行政问责制的现实状况。首先,探讨了我国推行基层领导干部行政问责制的必要性,主要有基层党组织落实全面从严治党的必然要求、建设基层服务型政府的必然要求、促进基层领导干部依法规范行政的必然要求、改进基层领导干部工作作风、工作理念与工作水平的必然要求、促进社会和谐、民生改善与经济发展的必然要求这五个方面。其次,总结了我国推行基层领导干部行政问责制的实践历程,包含革命时期至改革开放前的萌芽阶段、改革开放初期的恢复发展阶段、2003年“非典”至党的十八大前的正式确立阶段、以及党的十八以来进一步制度化、科学化、常态化阶段;最后,阐明了我国推行基层领导干部行政问责制的现实效果,表现在基层党组织与基层政府的廉洁性、规范性有所提升、基层领导干部的服务意识、责任心与工作能力有所提升、基层群众的满意度与幸福度有所提升、基层社会的和谐程度与经济发展有所提升这四个方面;第四部分是对新时期基层领导干部行政问责实行中的存在问题及原因研究。先是从问责工作被动开展,呈现同体监督软弱无力问题、问责内容覆盖不全,呈现问责情形界定不准问题、问责力度用力不均,呈现问责指向有失公允问题、问责对象事由集中,呈现问责客体定位偏差问题、问责程序执行不严,呈现制度设计与实际操作脱节问题、问责救济制度缺失,呈现配套措施不健全问题,这六个角度厘清了新时期基层领导干部行政问责制实行中的存在问题。又从问责主体单一,问责客体权责不对等、权责划分模糊不清,问责标准弹性过大、政治生态环境闭塞,开展问责的动力不足、政务公开程度低,监督问责的渠道不畅四个方面归纳了新时期基层领导干部行政问责制存在问题的深层次原因;第五部分是新时期推进基层领导干部行政问责制的对策研究。第一,要完善基层领导干部行政问责制的法律保障。包括加强基层领导干部行政问责制的立法工作、推动基层领导干部行政问责制的司法工作、落实基层领导干部行政问责制的执法工作三个具体步骤。第二,要完善基层领导干部行政问责制的制度建设。囊括建立多元化的问责主体,拓宽问责路径、明确权责划分,界定问责客体、合理划分问责范围,规范问责内容、规范问责行为,制定科学的绩效考核标准、健全问责评估体系,提高问责开展的准确性,这五个方面。第三,要完善基层领导干部行政问责制的配套救济制度。具体来讲就是要设立问责客体的申诉与复核制度、构建问责客体的合理复出制度和增加问责客体的经济帮助与生活保障制度。第四,要完善基层领导干部行政问责制的文化建设。涵盖加强基层领导干部的问责制度教育、开展基层领导干部的廉政、勤政文化建设、塑造基层领导干部的责任意识与服务意识、营造全社会高度重视与积极参与的良好氛围四个要点;第六部分是结论;第七部分是参考文献;最后一部分是致谢。
[Abstract]:The administrative accountability system is an important part of the socialist political system Chinese characteristics, is an important theoretical and systematic achievements of the Marx doctrine of Chinese. Its essence is for government agencies and public officials of the administrative act which may be caused or has led to negative, negative consequences of supervision, supervision, responsibility and responsibility to implement. Its purpose is not only the accountability of punishment and punishment, which is to promote the party and government agencies and public officials to establish proper rights consciousness, responsibility consciousness, service consciousness and people's consciousness, promote the construction of service-oriented party and government organs and administrative efficiency, and enhance the quality. It can be said that both the administrative accountability system Chinese accumulated in the Revolutionary Communist Party with the construction of the long course of the party and the rule of experience and experience, it is entering into the new century, the Party Central Committee in the face of national conditions, the world situation, the party situation puts forward the construction The institutional innovation of socialist political Chinese characteristics. Leading cadres at the grassroots level is the administrative supervision and accountability system to ask important, accountability object is one of the leading cadres at the grassroots level of administrative accountability system is an organic part of administrative accountability system in our country. In contrast, the current study from the macro, a lot of research on administrative accountability theory, from the concept of. Study of leading cadres at the grassroots level of administrative accountability system based on the theory and practice of the results are few. This paper is starting from the need of grassroots party construction and grass-roots social development in the new period, to investigate the current situation of the construction of grassroots cadres administrative accountability accountability system, the existing problems and reasons, and puts forward countermeasures to solve the problems, in order to promote and improve the grass-roots cadres the administrative accountability system in our country, makes this a good political system has become a "comprehensive strictly, comprehensive law, deepening reform and comprehensive well-off A powerful weapon to society ". The following main structure of the thesis: the first part is the introduction. The significance and purpose of this paper is literature review, research methods, innovation and so on; the second part is the basic theory of the administrative accountability system. First of all, from the" accountability "and" accountability "starting. The progressive explains the basic concept of" administrative accountability ". Secondly, summarized the elements of administrative accountability, administrative accountability subject, object of administrative accountability, administrative accountability, administrative accountability procedures, the five aspects of administrative accountability consequences. Thirdly, elaborates the basic principles of the administrative accountability system, including the principles of leadership of the party, people's participation principle, according to the law principle, the principle of accountability responsibilities rather, individual and collective accountability unified principle. Finally, analyzes the three theoretical sources of the administrative accountability system, respectively is Marx Lenin's line Administrative accountability claims, the Marx doctrine China of administrative accountability, administrative accountability of western social theory; the third part is to introduce the situation of implementation of leading cadres at the grassroots level of administrative accountability system in our country. Firstly, discusses the necessity of promoting grassroots cadres of administrative accountability system in our country, the main grass-roots Party organizations implement an inevitable requirement strictly the party and the inevitable requirement of building a service-oriented government, promote grassroots cadres to standardize administrative requirement, improve the work style of leading cadres at the grassroots level, working concept and working level of the inevitable requirement, promote social harmony, improve people's livelihood and economic development of the inevitable requirement of the five aspects. Secondly, summarizes the practical course of implementation leading cadres at the grassroots level in China's administrative accountability system, including the revolution to the reform and opening up the embryonic stage, recovery stage of early development of reform and opening up, 2003 "SARS" to the eighteen party before the formal establishment stage, and the eighteen party has further institutionalized, scientific, normalization stage; finally, illustrates the realistic effect of the implementation of leading cadres at the grassroots level in China's administrative accountability system, reflected in the integrity of the party organizations and grass-roots government, normative improved, grassroots the leading cadres of the service consciousness, responsibility and work ability increased, the masses satisfaction and happiness has improved, improve the four aspects of basic degree of social harmony and economic development; the fourth part is the new era of leading cadres at the grassroots level administrative accountability problems and causes in the implementation of the responsibility of first asked from. Responsible for passive development, the corresponding supervision is weak and feeble, accountability content coverage, present situation of accountability accountability efforts allowed the problem definition, the uneven force, it is unfair to point to show accountability Yun, the object of accountability subject, accountability object present position and orientation problems, implementation of strict accountability procedures, presents the problems between system design and practical operation, lack of accountability relief system, presents the supporting measures are not perfect, these six angles to clarify the problems of administrative accountability of leading cadres at the grassroots level in the new period. And from the single subject of accountability, accountability object of unequal rights and responsibilities, the division of responsibilities unclear, Accountability Standard elastic is too large, the political environment to carry out occlusion, accountability power, open the low degree of supervision asked the deep-seated causes of problems leading cadres at the grassroots level of administrative accountability system in the new era of accountability channels are summarized Chang four aspects; the fifth part is the countermeasures to promote grassroots cadres of administrative accountability system in the new period. First, we should improve the legal protection of grassroots cadres including strengthening the administrative accountability system. The legislative work of the grassroots cadres of the administrative accountability system, promote grassroots cadres of the administrative accountability system and judicial work, the implementation of grassroots cadres of the administrative accountability system and law enforcement work in three steps. Second, we should improve the system construction of the grassroots cadres of the administrative accountability system. Include establishing diversified accountability subject, broaden the path to accountability, clear division of responsibilities defined the object of accountability, a reasonable division of the scope of accountability, accountability norms, norms of accountability, establish scientific performance appraisal standards, improve the accountability assessment system, improve the accuracy of the responsibility to carry out the question, these five aspects. Third, to improve the grassroots cadres of the administrative accountability system supporting specifically to relief system. Set up a complaint and ask the review system of the construction object of accountability, accountability object reasonable back system and increase the accountability of the object with the help of economic life security system. Fourth, to To improve the cultural construction of grassroots cadres of the administrative accountability system. Strengthen the education accountability system covering grassroots cadres, grassroots cadres to carry out the honest and diligent cultural construction, building grassroots cadres responsibility consciousness and service consciousness, create a good atmosphere of the whole society attention and actively participate in the four points; the sixth part is the conclusion; seventh part is the reference; the last part is to thank.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630.9

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