在代表与排斥之间——西方现代国家建构视野中代议民主发展的路径与动力

发布时间：2018-04-03 07:00

本文选题：国家建构　切入点：代表　出处：《政治学研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：代议民主是西方政治现代化的成果,它重构了民主、代表、选举这些富有古典或传统色彩的历史元素。代表制在起源上与民主政治并无关联,它将社会大众排斥在政治过程之外。为了论证政治排斥的合理性,存在选择性代表和实质性代表两种形式的代表观。前者认为普通成员经济能力低下将导致其政治能力不足,主张限制大众参与政治;后者则宣称政治制度能力的包容性,认为由小部分人选举产生的代议机构可以维护国家整体利益。这两种看似方向相反的排斥机制,共同强化了政治过程的封闭性。随着代表制和民主制的融合,代表制开始展现平等的精神,民主制逐渐具备代议的形式。代议民主从程序上将社会同意转化为对国家权力的正当性支持。政治参与不仅是建构政治代表性的必要环节,而且是公民获得制度容纳的重要标志。
[Abstract]:Representative democracy is the fruit of western political modernization. It reconstructs democracy, represents and elects these historical elements with classical or traditional color.The system of representation has no relation with democratic politics in origin, it excludes the social masses from the political process.In order to demonstrate the rationality of political exclusion, there are two forms of representative view: selective representation and substantive representation.The former claims that the low economic capacity of ordinary members will lead to the lack of their political capacity, and advocates restricting popular participation in politics; the latter claims the inclusiveness of the political system.It is believed that a representative body elected by a small number of people can safeguard the overall interests of the country.These two seemingly opposite exclusions reinforce the closeness of the political process.With the integration of representative system and democracy, representative system began to show the spirit of equality, democracy gradually has the form of representative.Representative democracy transforms social consent into legitimate support for state power.Political participation is not only a necessary link in the construction of political representation, but also an important symbol for citizens to acquire institutional accommodation.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学政治文化与政治文明建设研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“国家治理视野中的民主发展路径研究”(14BZZ002)的研究成果中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心重大项目“中国特色社会主义协商民主研究”(2015YZD7)的研究成果
【分类号】：D035

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