国家治理现代化进程中的协商民主问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-07 16:04

本文选题：协商民主　切入点：政治协商　出处：《中共中央党校》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国由传统社会向现代社会转型,我国的社会结构、利益格局、思想观念等都发生了深刻变化,这导致传统国家治理模式难以满足新时代发展的需要。在这种背景下,如何开展有效的民主治理以提升社会共识程度,这对于新形势下的社会主义政党来说,无疑是个严峻的挑战。而协商民主作为一种具有巨大潜能的民主治理形式,它能以保障主权在民为旨归,力图提高公民乃至整个公民社会在国家治理中的作用,努力通过自由而理性的公共对话使得公民的偏好更具反思性并发展成为公共政策的基础,从而有助于促进国家治理现代化进程的实现。基于此,本文尝试将协商民主与国家治理现代化结合起来进行研究。本文包括导论和五章。导论部分主要包括问题意识及选题意义、国内外研究综述、研究创新点与难点、研究方法等方面内容。第一章阐述了协商民主的基本理论。为了更全面地把握协商民主这一新的民主理论范式,本章不光注重对民主的基本意涵与实现形式进行介绍,还侧重对协商民主的内涵、要素、特征、价值、限度、目标等方面的内容进行深入地探讨。除此以外,由于完全套用西方协商民主理论来研究中国的协商民主理论和实践是不可取的,因此本章还着重探讨了中国特色协商民主理论的形成问题。而针对这一问题,本章认为中国特色协商民主理论实际上是中国共产党带领中国人民以马克思主义理论为指导,立足于中国历史传统与现实国情,合理借鉴西方协商民主理论发展的肯定性成果所取得的关于民主实现形式的一个伟大创造。第二章分析了协商民主发展的社会背景,即国家治理现代化。该章先是从理论层面介绍国家治理现代化的理论内涵,再是从实践层面探讨我国国家治理的历史演变进程,最后便把国家治理与协商民主结合起来进行研究,得出这么一个结论,即国家治理现代化进程推动协商民主的发展,而协商民主的发展又有助于现代国家治理的实现。第三章采取纵向与横向相结合的办法对协商民主的发展进程与发展现状进行介绍。其中,在关于协商民主的发展进程问题上,该章注重把协商民主放到特定的国家治理现代化进程中进行研究,不光介绍了传统国家治理时期的协商民主发展情况与国家治理转型时期的协商民主发展情况,还注重对这两个不同时期的协商民主发展情况进行深入反思。而在关于协商民主的发展现状问题上,该章则着重介绍了政党之间的协商民主、人民政协的协商民主、人大工作中的协商民主、政府决策中的协商民主、基层的协商民主、网络协商民主这六种不同领域的协商民主实践形式的发展情况。第四章则对当前我国协商民主实践发展所取得的基本经验进行了归纳与总结。当然,如果要更好地促进我国协商民主实践的发展,光靠总结经验显然是不够的。对此,该章还着重找出当前我国协商民主实践发展所存在的种种难题,如普通民众参与不足、民意代表的代表性不足、协商成本过高而效率过低、协商的随意性较大、协商过程容易被操纵、协商质量不高且结果难落实、协商民主易沦为政府的民主秀、协商民主难以实现可持续发展等等。针对协商民主发展中的难题,该章认为制约协商民主发展的原因是多方面的,既有理念与地位方面的原因,又有制度与社会环境方面的原因。第五章则着重提出深化协商民主发展的前提条件与主要措施。虽说协商民主在实现现代国家治理方面具有其独特优势,但当前我国协商民主发展实践所面临的重重困境却严重制约着协商民主这一优势的充分发挥。对此,我们一方面要从宏观的角度出发,即从经济、政治、文化、社会的角度出发,不断优化协商民主发展的各方面条件;另一方面则从微观的角度出发,即从协商主体、协商客体、协商制度与协商形式的角度出发,不断推动协商民主的广泛多层制度化发展。
[Abstract]:With China's transition from traditional society to modern society, the social structure of our country, the pattern of interests, ideas have undergone profound changes, which leads to the traditional governance model to meet the needs of the new era of development. In this context, how to carry out effective democratic governance to enhance the degree of social consensus, for this new under the situation of socialist political party, is undoubtedly a challenge. And deliberative democracy as a potential form of democratic governance, it can to safeguard the sovereignty of the people as the purpose, trying to improve the role of citizens and the civil society in the governance of the country, through the efforts of free and rational citizens make public dialogue the preference is more reflective and become the foundation of public policy, which helps to promote the modernization of national governance process. Based on this, this paper attempts to deliberative democracy and national governance Modern science together. This paper includes the introduction and five chapters. The introduction part mainly includes the awareness of the problem and the significance of the topic, the domestic and foreign research review, research innovations and difficulties, research methods and so on. The first chapter expounds the basic theory of deliberative democracy. In order to fully grasp the deliberative democracy in the new democratic theory this chapter not only pay attention to the basic paradigm of meaning and forms of democracy are introduced, also focus on deliberative democracy's connotation, elements, characteristics, value, limitation, probes into the target and other aspects. In addition, due to fully apply the Western deliberative democracy theory to study the theory and practice of deliberative democracy is Chinese not desirable, therefore this chapter also focuses on the formation of the theory of deliberative democracy Chinese characteristics. Aiming at this problem, this chapter Chinese characteristics of Deliberative Democracy Theory in fact Chinese is under the leadership of the Communist Party China people be guided by Marx theory, based on the traditional and realistic historical conditions China, reasonable reference made positive achievements of the development of Deliberative Democracy Theory on the form of democracy is a great creation. The second chapter analyzes the social background of the development of deliberative democracy, namely the modernization of national governance in this chapter. The first is to introduce the theoretical connotation of the modernization of national governance from the aspect of theory, and then is the process from the practical aspects of China's national governance history, finally put on national governance and deliberative democracy together, come to such a conclusion, that is the national governance modernization promote the development of deliberative democracy, and deliberative democracy development it is helpful to the modern state governance. The third chapter uses the vertical and horizontal combination of the status of the development of deliberative democracy and development process Are introduced. Among them, on the development process of deliberative democracy issues, this chapter focuses on deliberative democracy into the process of the modernization of national governance in particular, not only introduces the traditional national governance during the development of deliberative democracy and national governance transition period of the development of deliberative democracy, also focus on in-depth reflection on the two different periods of deliberative democracy development. In the development of deliberative democracy on the current problems, this chapter focuses on the introduction of the party between the CPPCC deliberative democracy, deliberative democracy, deliberative democracy in the work of the NPC, the deliberative democracy in government decision-making, deliberative democracy at the grassroots level, the development of deliberative democracy in the six network different areas of the deliberative democracy practice form. The fourth chapter is a summary of the basic experience of the development of the practice of deliberative democracy in our country has achieved. When So, if you want to better promote the practice of deliberative democracy in the development of our country, summarize the experience alone is clearly not enough. Therefore, this chapter also focuses on the problems existing in the current development to find out all kinds of practice of deliberative democracy in China, such as the common people to participate in, representatives of the representative is not adequate, high cost and low efficiency of negotiation negotiation, is arbitrary, the negotiation process can be manipulated easily, negotiation quality is not high and the results are difficult to implement, deliberative democracy easily become government democracy show, deliberative democracy is difficult to achieve sustainable development and so on. In order to solve the problem of deliberative democracy development, the chapter shows that restricting the development of deliberative democracy for many reasons, both the reason the concept and status, and system and social environment. The fifth chapter put forward to deepen consultations precondition of democratic development and the main measures. Although the implementation of deliberative democracy in modern With its unique advantages in terms of governance, but many difficulties and give full play to the current development practice of deliberative democracy in China faces seriously restrict the advantage of deliberative democracy. In this regard, we should from the macro point of view, from the economic, political, cultural and social perspective, constantly optimize the deliberative democracy the development of all aspects of the conditions; on the other hand, from the microcosmic point of view, from the negotiation, negotiation object, consultation system and consultation in the form of point of view, and constantly promote the negotiation of extensive multi institutional development of democracy.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;D621

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