中日突发公共事件应急管理模式对比与能力评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 19:02

本文选题：突发公共事件　切入点：综合应急能力　出处：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对我国当前突发公共事件应急管理体系不够完善,应急管理工作中还存在薄弱环节的问题,本论文在深入研究国内外突发公共事件应急管理理论成果和实践经验的基础上,重点对比分析中日两国在应急管理上的优缺点,在此基础上,构建了科学的、高效的城市突发公共事件综合应急能力评价指标体系,对于进一步完善我国公共突发事件应急管理理论,制定切实有效的应急预案,优化应急管理体制有重要意义。通过中日两国应急管理模式对比分析可知,我国采取的是一种侧重于处理结果的应对体制,而日本则是侧重于事前预防的应对体制,以“7.21”北京特大暴雨为例,总结其应急模式的优缺点,指出北京市应急管理体系的不足之处。根据我国自身特点,结合日本应急管理方面的经验,从应急预案编写优化、应急预警机制优化两个方面提出了应急管理模式优化方案。在此基础上,构建了一个由3个一级指标、10个二级指标和34个三级指标组成的应急能力评价指标,一级指标按照灾害发生过程来划分,包括灾前监测与预警能力(B1)、灾中应急救援能力(B2)和灾后应急恢复能力(B3)。综合考虑主观赋权法和客观赋权法,确定了基于G1-熵权法的组合权重法。基于最小偏差原则,计算得最佳的组合权重结果是主观权重和客观权重各占50%,综合分析主观和客观权重计算值发现,灾前监测与预警能力(B1)所占权重最大,为38.8%,其次是灾中应急救援能力(B2),为29.5%,对应急能力影响最小的是灾后应急恢复能力(B3),仅有25.4%。本文最终采用三级模糊综合评价方法对城市突发公共事件应急能力进行综合评价,以青岛市为例,详细描述该评价过程的应用,从评价结果来看,青岛市突发公共事件应急能力总体处于优秀层次。其中,应急预案救援演练和事后补偿能力的评价等级只有一般,预警信息收集与处理和事后损失调查评估的评价等级为良好。针对上述问题,提出了加强青岛市突发公共事件应急管理工作的建议,包括3个方面:(1)建立实用性、操作性强的预案体系,强化应急演练;(2)建立全方位、网格化预警信息系统;(3)构建高效、发达、完备的城市应急管理财政保障体系。
[Abstract]:In the face of the current emergency management system of public emergencies in our country is not perfect, there are still weak links in the emergency management work. This paper deeply studies the theoretical achievements and practical experience of emergency management of public emergencies at home and abroad.On the basis of the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of emergency management between China and Japan, a scientific and efficient evaluation index system of comprehensive emergency response capacity of urban public emergencies is constructed.It is of great significance to further improve the theory of emergency management of public emergencies in China, to formulate effective emergency plans and to optimize the emergency management system.Through the comparative analysis of the emergency management models between China and Japan, we can see that China has adopted a coping system that focuses on the outcome of the treatment, while Japan has focused on the pre-prevention response system, taking the "7.21" heavy rain in Beijing as an example.This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of Beijing emergency management system and points out the shortcomings of Beijing emergency management system.According to the characteristics of our country and the experience of emergency management in Japan, the optimization scheme of emergency management mode is put forward from two aspects: the optimization of emergency plan preparation and the optimization of emergency warning mechanism.On this basis, an evaluation index of emergency response capacity is constructed, which is composed of 3 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators and 34 third-level indicators, and the first-level indicators are divided according to the process of disaster occurrence.It includes pre-disaster monitoring and early warning capability (B1), disaster emergency rescue capability (B2) and post-disaster emergency recovery capability (B3).The combined weight method based on G1-entropy weight method is determined by considering the subjective and objective weighting methods.Based on the principle of minimum deviation, the result of the best combination weight is that subjective weight and objective weight account for 50 respectively. By analyzing the calculated value of subjective weight and objective weight, it is found that the ability of pre-disaster monitoring and early warning (B1) has the largest weight.The second is the ability of emergency rescue in disaster, which is 29.50.The ability of emergency recovery is the least, only 25.4.In this paper, the three-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the emergency ability of urban public emergencies. Taking Qingdao as an example, the application of the evaluation process is described in detail.Qingdao's public emergency response capacity is at an excellent level.Among them, the evaluation grade of emergency plan rescue drill and post compensation ability is only general, and the evaluation level of early warning information collection and processing and afterwards loss investigation and evaluation is good.In view of the above problems, the paper puts forward some suggestions for strengthening the emergency management of public emergencies in Qingdao, including three aspects: establishing a practical, operable plan system, and strengthening the emergency drills.The grid early warning information system is used to construct an efficient, developed and complete financial security system for urban emergency management.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D731.3;D63

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