温州市突发环境事件应急管理的问题和对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 01:20

本文选题：环境突发事件 + 温州　；参考：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济社会的高速发展,工业化和城镇化的不断推进,近年来经济发展累积起来的环境问题不断显现,环境保护工作面临前所未有的压力和挑战。当前我国环境风险不断加剧,环境不断恶化的情况尚未得到有效遏制,各种突发环境污染事件频发,造成公众生命、财产的重大损失和生态环境的严重破坏,环境污染问题已成为我国当前公众关注的焦点。新修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《国家突发环境事件应急预案》对环境管理和环境应急工作进行了规范,提出了更高的要求。但由于历史欠账的原因,我国当前突发环境污染事件的发生率比较高,环境应急管理在风险防范、事故预警、应急保障、事故处置、公众参与和善后工作等各个阶段工作中,都存在着诸多不足。研究和探讨政府如何履行环境应急管理的责任,提高突发环境事件应急管理的能力,建立环境应急管理的机制,控制和减少突发环境事件的影响,有着重要的现实意义。温州市是我国首批开放的十四个沿海城市之一,也是国家金融综合改革试验区,民营经济发达,社会经济活动频繁。温州市作为全国舆论关注的重点城市,在突发环境事件应急管理的建设方面取得了一定成效,环境应急体系也在不断完善,某些方面还走在全国的前列。但是温州市的环境安全问题还很突出,重特大环境事故隐患尚未完全消除,近年来一系列环境突发事件也成为全国的热点。温州市是中国经济社会快速发展和环境问题逐渐显现的发达地区代表性城市,以温州为典型对全国环境应急管理进行分析,有一定的借鉴意义。本文以发生在温州的“牛奶河”环境应急事件为例,介绍了“牛奶河”事件的经过、事件的应急处置、事故的发生原因以及事故的影响后果,分析了温州环境应急管理部门的应对措施、成效和应对不足的地方。在风险管理、应急预案、应急处置、后期工作等方面总结了温州环境事件应急管理的经验启示,对完善温州市突发环境污染事件应急管理体系提出了新构想。基于前文的分析,并借鉴国外先进城市在应急管理方面的做法,对完善温州市突发环境污染事件应急管理体系作了探讨。提出要从完善环境应急组织结构、预防机制、应急监测能力、信息机制、联动机制、善后处置等方面入手,特别强调要发挥国家、社会团体和公民在环境应急管理中的作用,重视“事前减灾”,发展环境应急的科学技术,加强环境应急的保障,进行环境应急的公众教育、建立环境保险体系、开展环境公益诉讼等措施,提出了构建和完善温州市环境污染应急管理体系的对策和新建议,对提升我国城市环境应急能力,预防和减少环境突发事件造成的损失,有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and society, industrialization and urbanization, the environmental problems accumulated by economic development in recent years continue to appear, and environmental protection is faced with unprecedented pressure and challenges.At present, the environmental risks in our country are continuously increasing, and the situation of environmental deterioration has not yet been effectively curbed. A variety of sudden environmental pollution incidents occur frequently, resulting in heavy loss of public life and property and serious damage to the ecological environment.Environmental pollution has become the focus of public concern in China.The newly revised "Environmental Protection Law of the people's Republic of China" and "the State Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies" have standardized the environmental management and environmental emergency work and put forward higher requirements.However, due to the historical default, the incidence of environmental pollution emergencies in China is relatively high. Environmental emergency management works in various stages, such as risk prevention, accident early warning, emergency protection, accident disposal, public participation and aftercare work, etc.There are many shortcomings.It is of great practical significance to study and discuss how the government can fulfill the responsibility of environmental emergency management, improve the ability of emergency management of environmental emergencies, establish the mechanism of environmental emergency management, and control and reduce the impact of environmental emergencies.Wenzhou is one of the first 14 coastal cities open to the outside world in our country. It is also the experimental area of national comprehensive financial reform. The private economy is developed and the social economic activities are frequent.Wenzhou, as the key city of national public opinion, has made some achievements in the construction of emergency management of unexpected environmental events, the environmental emergency system is also constantly improving, and some aspects are still in the forefront of the country.However, the environmental safety problem in Wenzhou is still outstanding, the hidden danger of serious environmental accident has not been completely eliminated, and a series of environmental emergencies have become a hot spot in China in recent years.Wenzhou is a representative city in developed regions with rapid economic and social development and environmental problems. It is of great significance to analyze the national environmental emergency management with Wenzhou as a typical example.Taking the "milk river" environmental emergency event in Wenzhou as an example, this paper introduces the course of the "milk river" incident, the emergency treatment of the incident, the cause of the accident and the effect of the accident.This paper analyzes the countermeasures, effectiveness and insufficient measures of Wenzhou environmental emergency management department.In the aspects of risk management, emergency plan, emergency disposal, and later work, this paper summarizes the experience and enlightenment of Wenzhou environmental emergency management, and puts forward a new conception to perfect the emergency management system of Wenzhou environmental pollution emergency.Based on the previous analysis and drawing lessons from the practice of foreign advanced cities in emergency management, this paper discusses how to improve the emergency management system of environmental pollution emergencies in Wenzhou.From the aspects of perfecting the organizational structure of environmental emergency response, prevention mechanism, emergency monitoring ability, information mechanism, linkage mechanism, post-treatment and so on, the paper puts special emphasis on the role of the state, social groups and citizens in environmental emergency management.Attaching importance to "disaster reduction beforehand", developing science and technology for environmental emergencies, strengthening the protection of environmental emergencies, carrying out public education on environmental emergencies, establishing an environmental insurance system, and carrying out environmental public interest litigation, etc.The countermeasures and new suggestions for constructing and perfecting the emergency management system of Wenzhou's environmental pollution are put forward, which can be used for reference to improve the ability of urban environmental emergency in China and to prevent and reduce the losses caused by environmental emergencies.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

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