网络传播环境下中国公共政策议程输入机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 00:33

本文选题：网络舆论 + 网络舆情　；参考：《上海交通大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着转型时期经济技术、社会体制、社会结构、社会关系以及人们价值观念的转变,政治治理和公共政策决策机制也呈现着相应调适。为了探究网络传播环境下中国公共政策议程输入机制,本文基于对2003-2013年214起舆情事件的研究,从中国公共政策议程的输入模式变迁、环境背景、议题来源、舆情影响模式和影响机制五个方面,综合构建舆情传播与中国公共政策的议程输入机制。中国公共政策议程输入模式从改革开放以来可分为“权力精英主导-全民参与推进”、“政治精英借力多元社会精英”、“政治精英与多元社会力量互动”和“中国依法决策机制建设起步”四个阶段;网络空间带来了政策议程输入环境的变革,主要表现为政治结构呈分散化与扁平化、信息格局呈开放化与节点化、传播环境呈隐性化和离散化、参与结构呈非中介化与交互化、文化结构呈多元思潮碰撞的特点;在议题来源方面,网络传播环境下公共政策的议题来源主体主要包括:当权政府部门与官员的政治作为、突发公共事件本身、大众媒体、利益团体、个人和公众;舆情输入模式方面,网络舆情输入公共政策议程主要表现为压力胁迫模式、事件应生模式、自然演进模式三种模式。通过进一步对214起舆情事件进行指标设计、编码、数据搜集和分析,展开舆情传播对公共政策的影响机制的实证分析:在特征描述方面,网络舆情推进的公共政策的政策形式以政策修改为主,颁布主体以中央政府居多,议题曝光源主要为媒体、个人和事件本身,期限以长期政策为主,辐射范围以全国居多,效力整体较高,主要涉及反腐倡廉、食药安全、环境污染和弱势群体保护等问题。关系研究方面,受害者、连环事件、事件传播中的政策诉求、政策诉求的紧迫性、谣言、意见领袖参与都与公共政策推进显著相关,集群行为与政策推进不相关,但集群行为促进了政府政策回应的时效;推动公共政策的舆情事件的传播强度、政策可行性均显著高于未推动公共政策的事件。影响研究方面,媒体和网民的舆论传播强度对政策议程影响显著,但网民对公共政策议程的干预力量主要在于情绪表达强度,媒体对公共政策议程的干预力量主要来源于新闻关注热度。舆情传播下公共政策的触发机制表现为:事件所指向的公共政策具有可行性;舆论传播强度较高;舆论中对公共政策的讨论较多;某一时期内同类型事件开始连续发生。最后,本文总结了政府科学决策机制有效运用舆论的体制、误区和策略,提出政府面对网络舆论地不合理绑架时,应该向从“畏”到“敬”;从“防范”到“关注”、“参与”、“沟通”;从“顺应”到“疏导”;从“应对”到“利用”逐步转化,建立政府科学决策机制与网络舆论的长效互动机制。
[Abstract]:With the transformation of economy and technology, social system, social structure, social relations and people's values, political governance and public policy decision-making mechanism have been adjusted accordingly. In order to explore the input mechanism of China's public policy agenda in the network environment, this paper based on the research of 214 public opinion events from 2003 to 2013, from the input mode change, environment background, topic source of China's public policy agenda. The influence mode and influence mechanism of public opinion are discussed, and the agenda input mechanism of public opinion communication and Chinese public policy is constructed. Since the reform and opening up, China's public policy agenda input mode can be divided into "power elitist leading-the whole people participate in the promotion", "political elites take advantage of pluralistic social elites". The four stages of "interaction between political elites and pluralistic social forces" and "starting construction of China's decision-making mechanism according to law" have brought about a change in the input environment of policy agenda in cyberspace, which is mainly manifested in the decentralization and flattening of political structure. The information pattern is open and nodal, the communication environment is recessive and discretized, the participating structure is disintermediated and interactive, the cultural structure is characterized by multi-ideological collision. The main sources of public policy issues in the network environment include: the political actions of government departments and officials in power, public emergencies themselves, mass media, interest groups, individuals and the public; the mode of public opinion input. Network public opinion input into the public policy agenda mainly shows three models: stress stress mode, event generation model and natural evolution model. Through the index design, coding, data collection and analysis of 214 public opinion events, the empirical analysis of the influence mechanism of public opinion communication on public policy is carried out. The policy form of the public policy promoted by network public opinion is mainly in the form of policy modification, the main body of promulgation is the central government, the main source of topic exposure is the media, the individual and the event itself, the duration is mainly long-term policy, and the radiation range is mostly in the whole country. The effectiveness is high, mainly involves anti-corruption, drug safety, environmental pollution and the protection of vulnerable groups. In relation research, the victims, the serial events, the policy demands in the event communication, the urgency of the policy appeal, the rumor, the opinion leader participation all have significant correlation with the public policy advancement, the cluster behavior and the policy advancement are not related. However, cluster behavior promotes the limitation of government policy response, and the propagating intensity of public opinion events promoting public policy is significantly higher than that of non-public policy events. In terms of impact research, the media and Internet users' public opinion communication intensity has a significant impact on the policy agenda, but the interventionist power of Internet users on the public policy agenda mainly lies in the intensity of emotional expression. Media intervention in the public policy agenda comes mainly from the heat of news attention. The trigger mechanism of public policy under the spread of public opinion is as follows: the public policy directed by the event is feasible; the intensity of public opinion communication is high; there is more discussion on public policy in public opinion; and the same type of events begin to occur continuously in a certain period. Finally, this paper summarizes the effective use of public opinion system, misunderstanding and strategy by the scientific decision-making mechanism of the government, and puts forward that the government should change from "fear" to "respect", from "guard" to "concern" when facing the unreasonable kidnapping of public opinion on the network. "participation", "communication", from "adaptation" to "guidance", from "response" to "utilization", and establishment of a long-term interactive mechanism between government scientific decision-making mechanism and network public opinion.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;G206

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