县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力的评估与提升策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:19

本文选题：群体性突发事件 + 县级政府　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济、社会转型地加快,群众的价值观念、思维方式、利益关系日益多元化,加上社会阶层的快速分化以及利益格局的调整,各个利益主体之间的摩擦与冲突频繁出现,导致群体性突发事件呈多发态势。我国群体性突发事件在地域上存在一定的规律性,平和、合法的群体性突发事件多发生在大中城市,而暴力、非法的群体性突发事件经常发生在县城,如贵州瓮安事件、四川汉源事件、云南孟连事件等。县级政府作为处理县域群体性突发事件的“第一责任人”、一线“指挥者”和现场“处置者”,扮演着特殊角色并发挥着特殊的作用。县级政府处理效果的好坏直接影响到群体性突发事件给社会带来负面影响的大小。因此,提升县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力刻不容缓。客观、准确地评估县级政府应急能力,对提升县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力具有重要意义。县域群体性突发事件有其固有的特点,如触点多、燃点低,发生方式具有突发性和暴力性,利益冲突领域多元,青少年参与群体庞大,主体多为弱势群体,客体多为政府部门及国有企业等。县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力取决于潜伏阶段的预防、诱发阶段的预警、发展高潮阶段的处置和消亡平息阶段的善后等过程的表现,因此,县级政府应急能力就体现在事前预防能力、事初预警能力、事中处置能力和善后处理能力等方面。县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力评估是对县级政府在应对事件过程中的应急质量、应急效率、应急满意度等进行全面的、客观的评估,是一个多参数、多系统、多目标的评估过程。其评估既要保证公平、公正、高效益,又要实现与群众的良性互动。因此在评估过程中,要坚持以善政、善治等理念为核心的评估价值取向,善政要求评估过程实现民主、评估结果公开透明、评估运转高效低耗,善治要求通过评估实现政府与群众的共同愿景,并对群众负责、对群众意见及时反馈。为了保证县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力评估的客观性、准确性和广泛性,需要构建由政府组织、县域群众、第三方组织和大众传媒等组成的评估主体体系,多元评估主体行为存在利益偏好,协调多元评估主体间的利益,保障评估多元主体体系科学运作,避免能力评估中出现的主观倾向。能力评估重在指标体系的选取。县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力评估一级指标主要由事前预防能力指标、事初预警能力指标、事中处置能力指标和善后处理能力指标等构成,其中,事前预防能力指标主要包括:预案制定、利益诉求、宣传教育和应急演练等方面;事初预警能力指标主要包括:社会风险识别、矛盾纠纷排查、群众心理监测和预警信息处理等方面;事中处置能力指标主要包括:应急决策、现场控制、指挥协调和舆论引导等方面;善后处理能力指标主要包括:兑现政策、心理干预、处置追究和总结完善等方面。对指标权重进行科学赋值是为开展客观、合理的应急能力评估提供保障。以我国2004-2014年发生在县域内、较为典型的25个群体性突发事件为样本,根据国内13位专家对25个事件中县级政府应急能力的主观感受来评判48个评估指标的重要程度,并运用粗糙集方法测算专家评分来确定各评估指标的权重。开展能力评估实证研究是县级政府应对群体性突发事件能力评估过程中的重要环节。运用模糊综合评判方法对2014年发生的云南10?14晋宁施工冲突事件、山东3?21平度村民守征地被焚事件、河南获嘉游行示威事件和湖南平江“火电项目”事件等进行实证测评。通过分析四个县级政府应急能力的得分情况发现县级政府的事前预防能力与事初预警能力较为薄弱、事中处理能力存在不少缺陷、善后过程中缺乏群众心理安抚等问题。在今后一定时期内,县级政府重点从观念、制度、机制、方式等角度来提升应对群体性突发事件能力,其中,通过提高政府预防意识、加强政府预警思维、转变事件处置思想、创新事件善后理念等来转变县级政府应急观念,通过推进县级政府信访制度改革、优化群众利益协调整合制度、完善群体事件信息公开制度、理顺矛盾的制度化解决路径等来改进县级政府应急制度,通过建立科学决策机制、部门联动机制、谣言消除机制、心理疏导机制等来完善县级政府应急机制,通过分类处置群体事件、构建多元治理模式、发展协商民主范式、加强网络舆情引导等来创新县级政府应急方式。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and social transformation, the values of the masses, the way of thinking, the relationship of interests are increasingly diversified, the rapid differentiation of social strata and the adjustment of the interests pattern, the frequent occurrence of friction and conflict among the various stakeholders, resulting in a multiple outbreak of mass emergencies. There are certain regularities, flat, and legitimate group emergencies occur in large and middle cities, and violent, illegal group emergencies often occur in the county town, such as the Guizhou Weng an incident, the Han source event in Sichuan, the Yunnan Meng Lian incident and so on. The county government is the first line of responsibility for dealing with the county mass emergency. The "commander" and the on-site "disposer" play a special role and play a special role. The treatment effect of the county government directly affects the negative impact of the mass emergency on the society. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the response of the county government to the mass emergency. The emergency ability of the government is of great significance to improving the ability of the county government to deal with the mass emergency. There are many inherent characteristics of the county group emergency, such as many contacts, low ignition points, sudden and violent way, the field of conflict of interest is pluralistic, the youth participates in a large group, the main body is the weak group and the object is the government. The ability of county-level governments to deal with mass emergencies depends on the prevention of the latent stage, the early warning in the stage of induction, the treatment of the stage of development at the high tide stage and the aftermath of the recovery stage. Therefore, the emergency ability of the county government is reflected in the ability of pre event prevention, the ability of early warning and the ability to deal with it. The assessment of the ability of the county government to deal with mass emergencies is a comprehensive and objective assessment of the emergency quality, emergency efficiency and emergency satisfaction of county-level governments in the process of responding to the events. It is a multi parameter, multi system and multi-objective evaluation process. The assessment should not only ensure fairness, fairness and efficiency. In the process of evaluation, we should adhere to the value orientation of the assessment of good governance and good governance, the process of good governance requires the realization of democracy, the open and transparent evaluation of the evaluation results, the evaluation of high efficiency and low consumption, and the evaluation and evaluation of the common vision of the government and the masses, and the responsibility for the masses. In order to ensure the objectivity, accuracy and universality of the county-level government in response to the assessment of mass emergency, it is necessary to construct an evaluation system composed of government organizations, county masses, third party organizations and mass media. In order to protect the scientific operation of the multi subject system and avoid the subjective tendency in the assessment of capacity, the evaluation of capacity is emphasized in the selection of the index system. The index of pre event prevention mainly includes: preplan formulation, interest demand, publicity and education and emergency rehearsal, and other aspects of early warning capability include social risk identification, contradiction and dispute investigation, mass psychological monitoring and early warning information processing, etc. Policy, field control, command and coordination and public opinion guidance, and so on. The index of post treatment ability mainly includes: cashing the policy, psychological intervention, disposing and summarizing and perfecting. The scientific assignment of the index weight is to provide a guarantee for the objective and reasonable assessment of emergency ability. It is more typical in the county of China for 2004-2014 years. 25 group emergencies are the samples. According to the subjective feelings of the 13 experts on the county government emergency ability in the 25 events, the importance of the 48 evaluation indexes is judged, and the rough set method is used to measure the weight of the evaluation indicators. The important link in the evaluation of the capacity of the event is the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the Yunnan 10? 14 Jinning construction conflicts in 2014, the Shandong 3? 21 flat degree villagers' land expropriation, the Henan Huojia demonstration and the Pingjiang "thermal power project" in Hunan Pingjiang. Through the analysis of four county-level governments The scoring situation of the urgent ability is found to be weak in the ability to prevent and early warning of the county government. There are many defects in the handling capacity in the event, and there is a lack of mass psychological comfort in the process of aftermath. In a certain period of time, the county government should focus on improving the response to mass unexpected incidents from the viewpoint, system, mechanism and mode. By improving the government's preventive awareness, strengthening the government's early warning thinking, changing the thought of the event handling, and innovating the idea of the aftermath of the event, it will change the emergency concept of the county government, through the promotion of the reform of the county-level government's petition system, the optimization of the system of the coordination and integration of the interests of the masses, the perfection of the system of information disclosure of the group events and the rationalizing of the system of contradictions. In order to improve the county level government emergency system, we can improve the county government emergency mechanism through the establishment of scientific decision-making mechanism, Department linkage mechanism, rumor elimination mechanism, psychological dredging mechanism and so on. Through the classification and disposal of group events, the construction of multiple governance models, the development of the cooperative democratic paradigm and the guidance of network public opinion to innovate county-level. Government emergency response.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

【参考文献】