近代常州慈善事业研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 02:15

本文选题：近代 + 常州　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代中国社会动荡、灾害不断,广大下层人民生活十分困苦,迫切需要社会的救助。慈善组织在救助穷苦民众、稳定社会秩序方面有重要作用。常州作为东南地区的一个重要城市,慈善救助事业历史悠久、内容丰富,近代以来慈善事业内容进一步扩展,慈善主体进一步多元化,政府的监管意图逐渐加强,呈现出近代之前未出现的新动向。但目前史学界对它的研究还比较薄弱。文章勾勒出近代常州慈善事业发展的基本脉络状况,揭示慈善事业的重要内容、机构设置及内部管理,为现在社会公益慈善事业提供借鉴。文章首先把慈善组织放在历史发展的宏观环境下,考察了近代常州慈善事业发展的脉络。清代中前期常州传统慈善事业典型的四个方面:育婴事业、施棺助葬事业、恤嫠事业、粥店与贫民生存。清末传统慈善组织在慈善内容和慈善业务上有深度扩展,如保婴保节局除了育婴恤嫠之外,还参与赈灾捐款活动,更是常州的善款流转、调配中心。从近代新型慈善理念的角度来分析近代常州新型慈善组织兴起的状况,慈善组织救济方式的转变,新的救济理念的树立。民国常州的慈善事业呈现多元发展的趋势。传统慈善组织在民初有所变革,以适应时代发展;近代新型慈善组织在民国发展壮大,成为常州慈善事业的重要组成部分;两红会还积极参与战争救援,放赈地区远至安徽。其次,文章通过近距离观察,得出不同阶段慈善事业的主导机构。公善堂代表着绅士力量的管理全城的公共慈善事业,对公共财产进行直接控制。民国初年,设立公款公产处,代表官方力量全面接管慈善事业。1930年,救济院成立以后对常州慈善事业进一步整理,带有很强的政治性。商会在近代慈善事业发展中不可替代的作用,为常州善堂及慈善活动提供经费。部分善堂为了维持稳定而又充足的经费来源,还参与实业的投资,甚至成为商业公司的股东,可以说是近代慈善组织在发展中的一个重大转变。基督教会为了能减小传教的阻力,也积极参与慈善活动。最后,通过对慈善组织内部建设的考察,分析慈善组织的内部决策机制和管理权责问题。建立在公开、透明基础上的董事加会议决策机制,能使得慈善组织最大发挥民主,以致运行达到最佳效果。慈善组织内部虽然没有严格的等级制度,但是慈善组织内部管理较为规范,人员职责划分清晰。民国慈善组织的管理人员任职正如同现今社会人员的上班,上下班时间也有明确的规定。文章以游民习艺所为个案,通过仔细考察其内部管理,得出值得现代慈善组织学习的内部建设管理成果。慈善事业从侧面反映地方社会的经济文化发展状况。文章通过三章的研究论述,比较全面客观地揭示了近代常州慈善事业的发展阶段和独特内容,这不仅对常州慈善事业的研究有所补益,同时也可对当代慈善事业提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:In modern China, social unrest, disasters, the masses of the lower class living very poor, urgent need of social assistance. Charitable organizations play an important role in helping the poor and stabilizing social order. As an important city in Southeast China, Changzhou has a long history and rich contents of charitable relief. Since modern times, the charity has expanded further, the main body of charity has become more diversified, and the intention of the government to supervise and rescue has been gradually strengthened. It presents a new trend that did not appear before modern times. But at present, the research on it in the field of history is relatively weak. This paper outlines the basic situation of the development of charity in Changzhou in modern times, reveals the important contents of charity, the establishment of institutions and internal management, and provides a reference for social charity. At first, the article investigates the development of charity in Changzhou under the macro environment of historical development. The typical four aspects of Changzhou's traditional charity in the early Qing Dynasty are babyrearing undertaking, coffin giving and burial undertaking, compassionate work, porridge shop and poor people's survival. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the traditional charity organizations had deep expansion in charity content and charity business. For example, babyprotection festival bureau not only took part in the relief donation activities, but also in Changzhou's charity circulation and distribution center. From the point of view of modern new charitable concept, this paper analyzes the rising situation of modern Changzhou new charity organization, the transformation of charity relief method and the establishment of new relief idea. The philanthropy of Changzhou in the Republic of China shows a trend of pluralistic development. Traditional charitable organizations in the early Republic of China to adapt to the development of the times; modern new charitable organizations in the Republic of China to become an important part of Changzhou charity; the two Red Cross also actively participate in the war rescue, relief areas as far as Anhui. Secondly, through close observation, the paper draws the leading organization of charity in different stages. Gongshan Hall represents a gentleman's power to manage the city's public philanthropy and direct control of public property. In the early years of the Republic of China, a public property office was set up to take over the charity on behalf of the official forces. In 1930, after the establishment of the relief house, the charity in Changzhou was further sorted out, with a strong political character. The Chamber of Commerce plays an irreplaceable role in the development of modern philanthropy and provides funds for the charity activities of Changzhou. In order to maintain a stable and sufficient source of funds, part of Shantang also participated in the investment of industry and even became a shareholder of commercial companies, which can be said to be a major change in the development of modern charitable organizations. The Christian Church is also actively involved in charitable activities in order to reduce missionary resistance. Finally, through the investigation of the internal construction of charitable organizations, this paper analyzes the internal decision-making mechanism and management rights and responsibilities of charitable organizations. On the basis of openness and transparency, the decision-making mechanism of directors and meetings can make charitable organizations exert democracy to the maximum extent and achieve the best results. Although there is no strict hierarchy in charitable organizations, the internal management of charitable organizations is more standardized, and the responsibilities of personnel are clearly divided. The managers of the Republic of China's charitable organizations work as social workers today, and their commuting hours are clearly defined. Based on the case of Traveller's study of art and practice, this paper makes a careful study of its internal management, and draws the results of internal construction management which are worthy of study by modern charitable organizations. Philanthropy reflects the economic and cultural development of local society from the side. Through the study of three chapters, the article comprehensively and objectively reveals the development stage and unique content of modern Changzhou charity, which is not only helpful to the research of Changzhou charity, At the same time can also provide useful reference for contemporary philanthropy.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9

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