技术难题、政治过程与文化结果——“瞄准偏差”的三种研究视角及其对中国“精准扶贫”的启示

发布时间：2018-05-02 13:32

本文选题：精准扶贫 + 瞄准偏差　；参考：《社会学研究》2017年01期

【摘要】："瞄准效率"或"瞄准偏差"是西方社会政策研究和福利效应评估的重要内容。有关"瞄准偏差"的研究可被归纳为三种视角。"技术难题"视角从"瞄准机制的简约性要求和社会环境的复杂性现实"的矛盾出发,认为个体瞄准机制、类型瞄准机制和区域瞄准机制都会面临相应的技术难题,从而导致瞄准偏差的产生;"政治过程"视角从"扶贫的社会福利诉求和国家治理的政治性诉求不完全一致"的矛盾出发,强调政治氛围、政府层级分化以及基层社会治理都可能影响福利资源的分配方向和方式;"文化结果"视角则从"扶贫及社会救助的文化相容性"出发,发现福利污名化的文化差异以及福利污名化在社会政策中的应用是导致贫困者被排斥和福利资源漏出的重要原因。中国"精准扶贫"的理论研究和战略制定一方面需要综合考虑技术手段、政治因素和文化因素,另一方面需要在政治过程考察和文化因素分析两方面建构本土性解释框架。
[Abstract]:"aiming efficiency" or "aiming deviation" is an important content of western social policy research and welfare effect evaluation. The study of aiming bias can be summed up into three perspectives. " From the contradiction between "the simple requirement of aiming mechanism and the complicated reality of social environment", the author thinks that the individual aiming mechanism, the type aiming mechanism and the regional aiming mechanism will all face the corresponding technical problems. From the perspective of "political process", starting from the contradiction that "the social welfare demand of poverty alleviation is not completely consistent with the political demand of national governance", the political atmosphere is emphasized. The differentiation of government hierarchy and social governance at the grass-roots level may affect the distribution direction and mode of welfare resources, while the perspective of "cultural outcome" starts from "the cultural compatibility of poverty alleviation and social assistance". It is found that the cultural differences of welfare stigma and the application of welfare stigma in social policies are the important reasons leading to the exclusion of the poor and the leakage of welfare resources. On the one hand, the theoretical research and strategy formulation of China's "precision poverty alleviation" need to consider the technical means, political factors and cultural factors, on the other hand, it is necessary to construct the local interpretation framework in the two aspects of political process investigation and cultural factor analysis.
【作者单位】：浙江师范大学法政学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“‘社会政策时代’的中国福利体制属性及其发展趋势研究”(项目编号:16BSH134)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D035;D632.1

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