人口“空心化”背景下我国村民自治面临的困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 19:43

本文选题：人口“空心化” + 村民自治　；参考：《西华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：村民自治,为改革开放三十多年来我国农村社会的稳定与发展做出了巨大的贡献。但是,由于人口“空心化”现象的出现,大量农民离乡入城,导致农村自治主体流失,社会管理混乱,加剧了社会的不信任感,给村民自治造成了极大的不利影响。因此,充分认识人口“空心化”给村民自治工作所带来的困境,并根据社会经济发展形势采取有效措施予以治理,成为当务之急。规范的制度是村民自治的首要保障。我国村民自治已逐渐形成一个由国家、地方以及村级单位三个层面的规范体系。上有中央有关国家机关制定的,在全国范围内具有普遍适用性和约束力,主要包括《宪法》、《村委会组织法》和其他一些规范性文件。中为地方有关国家机关制定的,在地方范围内具有普遍意义和约束力的地方性法律条文,包括省、市、县和乡镇四级。下有村民会议或者村民代表会议制定的,在村的范围内具有普遍约束力,主要包括村民自治章程、村规民约和各项专门性规定。村民自治组织已经形成一个由权利机构和工作机构组成的组织体系。在村民自治组织体系内部,各种自治组织之间的关系不同,对村民自治功能的影响不同。村民自治制度确立后,与乡镇政权和党的领导权等农村公权力发生一定的关系。在制度的制定层面来看,村民自治与乡镇政权是指导与被指导、协助与被协助的关系;村民自治与党的领导权为领导和被领导的关系。论文共分为五部分:第一部分为绪论,从文章研究背景出发,指明研究目的与意义,回顾国内、国外有人口“空心化”与我国村民自治的研究现状,确定文章研究的起点。第二部分通过对我国村民自治工作的发展历程、现状以及取得的成绩三个方面进行阐述,系统介绍了村民自治工作的权利机构、工作机构和运行机制,明确了村民自治的工作内涵。第三部分首先对我国农村人口“空心化”的背景进行介绍,然后从农村人口的外流情况和农村人口结构特点论述了农村人口“空心化”的具体表现,最后客观评价了农村人口“空心化”的影响。第四部分揭示并论述了人口“空心化”背景下我国村民自治面临的困境:村民参与自治的意识不强、参与自治的能力不足、自治机构功能性不足和村民自治运行不畅的问题。第五部分揭示并论述了解决人口“空心化”背景下我国村民自治面临困境的有效途径:营造村民自治的良好氛围、创新产业结构,吸引“精英”回乡创业、提高村民参与自治的能力、完善村民自治的运行机制和保障体系。本文所研究的课题以人口“空心化”为视角,并以此为介入点对村民自治的基本问题进行全面、深入与系统的分析与探究,揭示并论述了村民自治工作在人口“空心化”背景下面临的困境,并全面系统的分析问题,从而提出有针对性的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Villagers' self-government has made great contribution to the stability and development of rural society in the past 30 years. However, due to the phenomenon of "hollowing out" of population, a large number of peasants leave their homes and enter the city, which leads to the loss of the main body of rural autonomy, the confusion of social management, the aggravation of social distrust, and the great adverse effects on villagers' autonomy. Therefore, it is urgent to fully understand the dilemma brought by the population "hollowing out" to the villagers' autonomy work and take effective measures to deal with it according to the situation of social and economic development. Standard system is the primary guarantee of villagers' autonomy. Villager autonomy in our country has gradually formed a normative system with three levels of state, local and village units. It is generally applicable and binding in the whole country, including the Constitution, the Organic Law of Village Committee and some other normative documents. The local legal provisions, which are of universal significance and binding force in the local scope, include provincial, municipal, county and township levels. The villagers' meeting or the villagers' representative meeting shall have general binding force within the village scope, mainly including the villagers' autonomy constitution, village rules and regulations and various special regulations. The villager self-governing organization has formed an organization system composed of power organization and working organization. In the system of villager autonomous organization, the relationship between various autonomous organizations is different, and the influence on the function of villager autonomy is different. After the establishment of villager autonomy system, it has a certain relationship with the rural public power, such as the township power and the leadership of the Party. At the level of system formulation, villager autonomy and township government are the relations of guidance and guidance, assistance and assistance, and the relationship between villagers' autonomy and the leadership of the Party is that of leading and being led. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction. From the background of the article, it points out the purpose and significance of the research, reviews the research status quo of the population "hollowing out" and the villagers' autonomy at home and abroad, and determines the starting point of the article. The second part, through the development course, the present situation and the achievements of the villagers' autonomy work in our country, systematically introduces the right organization, the working organization and the running mechanism of the villagers' autonomy work. The working connotation of villagers' autonomy is clarified. The third part first introduces the background of "hollowing" of rural population in our country, and then discusses the concrete manifestation of "hollowing" of rural population from the situation of rural population outflow and the characteristics of rural population structure. Finally, the paper objectively evaluates the influence of "hollowing" of rural population. The fourth part reveals and discusses the plight of villagers' autonomy in China under the background of population "hollowing": the villagers' consciousness of participating in autonomy is not strong, the ability to participate in autonomy is insufficient, the function of autonomous organization is insufficient and the running of villagers' autonomy is not smooth. The fifth part reveals and discusses the effective ways to solve the dilemma of villager autonomy in China under the background of population "hollowing out": to create a good atmosphere for villager autonomy, to innovate the industrial structure, and to attract "elite" to return to their hometown to start their own businesses. Improve villagers' ability to participate in autonomy, improve the operational mechanism and guarantee system of villagers' autonomy. From the perspective of "hollowing out" of population, this paper studies the basic problems of villager autonomy in a comprehensive, in-depth and systematic way. This paper reveals and discusses the plight of villagers' autonomy work under the background of population "hollowing out", and analyzes the problems comprehensively and systematically, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D638

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