杭州市城镇居民最低生活保障标准研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 18:42

本文选题：最低生活保障标准 + 扩展线性支出模型　；参考：《浙江财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城镇居民最低生活保障标准是城镇居民最低生活保障制度的核心内容。从供求两方面分析保障标准：一方面，如果保障标准过低，则不能满足居民的基本生活需要；另一方面，如果保障标准过高，则会对公共财政造成负担。可见，科学合理的保障标准才能兼顾市场效率与社会公平。《杭州市人民政府关于印发杭州市城乡居民最低生活保障实施办法的通知》（杭政[2006]13号）规定，“城镇居民最低生活保障标准，应不低于当地上年企业最低工资标准的40%”。计算发现，最低生活保障标准大致是维持在上年企业最低工资标准的40%左右。这一方面表明政策得到较好的落实，但另一方面也让人质疑最低生活保障标准的科学性，仅用一个固定比例作为制定和调整保障标准的参考是否过于轻率。最低生活保障标准应该从满足居民基本生活需要的角度确定，而盯住最低工资标准来进行调整，就会弱化对实施政策根本目的的关注。本文采用扩展线性支出模型（ELES)，对杭州市2010-2012年城镇居民最低生活保障标准进行理论测算。从保障水平和保障力度的角度，测算出生存保障标准、基本保障标准和发展保障标准。将理论三大保障标准与实际保障标准进行比较，得出杭州市现行的保障标准偏低，仅仅能满足低保家庭基本生存需要。与城镇居民年人均食品支出、城镇居民年人均可支配收入进行比较，进一步论证现行保障标准过低，不能满足低保家庭维持生存之外的其他更高层次的需求。测算理论保障标准的方法以及设定的不同水平的保障标准，可以为杭州市城镇居民最低生活保障标准的制定和调整提供一定的参考。保障标准应该逐步由生存保障标准向基本保障标准，进而向发展保障标准迈进，从而从根本上帮助低保家庭摆脱贫困，共享城市社会经济发展的成果。本文由六部分组成：第一部分，介绍了研究背景、研究意义，，以及对国内外关于最低生活保障标准的研究成果进行了概述。第二部分，介绍了与最低生活保障标准相关的概念。包括贫困、社会救助、最低生活保障制度、最低生活保障标准及与其相关理论。第三部分，首先，分析阐述了杭州市城镇居民最低生活保障制度的发展历程及现状，包括保障人数、保障对象构成、家计调查、配套援助措施等。其次，对杭州市城镇居民最低生活保障标准运行的现状进行分析，发现标准在制定和调整过程中存在的问题。最后，对保障标准制定和调整的现行政策进行整理，总结出杭州市城镇居民最低生活保障标准制定和调整的主要依据，即：最低工资、物价水平、不同部门间协商确定、财政承受能力。第四部分，建立扩展线性支出模型测算理论三大保障标准（生存保障标准、基本保障标准、发展保障标准），并与实际保障标准进行比较分析，得出相关结论。第五部分，从财政供给角度分析最低生活保障标准的提高是否有充足的财力支持。分析得出理论上有充足的财力可用于支撑最低生活保障制度的高效运转，但实际上财政用于社会保障的资金少，用于最低生活保障的资金也少。第六部分，对杭州市城镇居民最低生活保障标准的科学合理制定和调整提供相关的政策建议。包括提高城镇居民最低生活保障标准，建立动态、可调适的城镇居民最低生活保障标准，建立健全最低生活保障资金运作机制等。
[Abstract]:The minimum living standard of urban residents is the core content of the minimum living security system for urban residents. From two aspects of supply and demand, the security standards are analyzed. On the one hand, if the guarantee standard is too low, it can not meet the basic living needs of the residents; on the other hand, if the security standard is too high, it will bear the burden on the public finance. The standard of rationality can give consideration to market efficiency and social equity.
The notifications of the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government on the implementation of the measures for the implementation of the minimum living security of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou (hang Zheng [2006]13) stipulates that "the minimum standard of living security for urban residents should not be less than 40% of the local minimum wage standard in the previous year". The standard is about 40%. This aspect indicates that the policy is well implemented, but on the other hand, the scientific nature of the minimum standard of living security is questioned. It is too light to use only a fixed proportion as a reference for the formulation and adjustment of the security standards. The minimum living security standard should be determined from the perspective of meeting the basic needs of the residents, Pegging the minimum wage to make adjustments will weaken the concern about the fundamental purpose of implementing policies.
Using the extended linear expenditure model (ELES), this paper calculates the minimum living standard of urban residents in Hangzhou for 2010-2012 years. From the angle of the level of guarantee and the guarantee, the standard of birth guarantee, the basic guarantee standard and the development guarantee standard are calculated and compared with the three major guarantee standards of the theory and the actual guarantee standard. The current security standards in Hangzhou are low and can only meet the basic survival needs of the low insurance families. Compared with the annual per capita food expenditure of urban residents, the annual income of urban residents can be compared, further demonstrating that the current security standards are too low to meet the other higher levels of demand for the survival of the low insurance families.
The method of measuring the theoretical guarantee standard and the different level of security standards can provide some reference for the formulation and adjustment of the minimum living standards for urban residents in Hangzhou. We should protect families from poverty and share the fruits of urban social and economic development.
This article consists of six parts: the first part introduces the research background, the significance of the research, and summarizes the research achievements on the minimum living standards at home and abroad. The second part introduces the concepts related to the minimum living standards, including poverty, social assistance, the minimum living security system, the minimum standard of living security and the standard of minimum living security. The third part, first of all, analyses and expounds the development process and present situation of the minimum living security system for urban residents in Hangzhou, including the number of people, the composition of the guarantee object, the family planning investigation, the supporting measures and so on. Secondly, the present situation of the operation of the minimum living standard of urban residents in Hangzhou is analyzed, and the standard is found to be made in the system. In the end, the current policies for the formulation and adjustment of the standard of the security standards are arranged, and the main basis for the formulation and adjustment of the minimum standard of living security for urban residents in Hangzhou is summarized, namely, the minimum wage, the price level, the agreement between different departments and the financial affordability. The fourth part is to establish an extended linear system. The three major guarantee standards (survival guarantee standard, basic guarantee standard, development guarantee standard) are calculated and compared with the actual security standards, and the relevant conclusions are obtained. In the fifth part, there are sufficient financial support to analyze the improvement of the minimum living standard from the perspective of financial supply. The financial resources can be used to support the efficient operation of the minimum living security system, but in fact, the financial resources for the social security are less, and the funds for the minimum living security are scarce. The sixth part, the scientific and rational formulation and adjustment of the minimum living standards for urban residents in Hangzhou. The standard of low living standard should be set up to establish a dynamic, adjustable standard of minimum living standard for urban residents, and establish and improve the operation mechanism of the minimum living security fund.

【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1

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