权力分配的函数:中国社会保障制度的差序格局

发布时间：2018-05-13 10:44

本文选题：市场转型理论 + 人力资本　；参考：《武汉大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：从以往市场转型论及其相关纷争来看,市场转型的争论焦点在于政治资本和教育的回报问题：经济收益是政治资本和人力资本的函数,其反应了市场转型过程中的两种分配逻辑——政治资本的回报逻辑是再分配制度、人力资本的回报则是市场逻辑的反映。过往的研究主要集中在市场转型过程中两种资本对初次分配的作用,而忽略了其对再分配收入的作用。这种忽略将会导致市场转型理论在解释上存在两点缺陷。一是忽略再分配收入而仅将个人初次收入作为划分社会阶层标准不能充分描述市场转型分层化的实际状态；二是忽略再分配收入可能会对再分配权力在改革前后对收入作用的变化机制的解释将不充分,且会低估再分配权力在市场转型过程中对收入分配的作用力。为了更全面详析市场转型过程中收入分配的获得机制,本研究以市场转型理论为基础,探析社会主义中国的再分配获得机制。社会再分配的核心机制是社会保障制度。因此,本研究选择了社会保障制度作为分析的对象。中国社会保障制度覆盖对象的历史变迁表明,中国社会保障呈现为一种以权力为函数的差距格局状态。结合泽林尼与科斯泰罗区分的三种市场渗透类型—“再分配经济中的地方市场、社会主义混合经济和资本主义导向经济及其对社会产生的不同后果”的理论框架内,本研究从城乡社会、公私单位、社会阶层等三个视角,提出了若干关于人力资本和政治资本在社会保障再分配获得中效用的竟择假设,并利用CGSS(2008)数据对所提出的竟择假设做了实证检验。实证分析有如下发现：第一,政治资本和人力资本对中国城乡居民社会保障再分配作用契合了泽林尼与科斯泰罗理论观点：市场渗透类型不同,政治资本和人力资本对再分配的效用不同——在市场发育程度更高的区域,人力资本对再分配收益作用更为显著,反之,则政治资本对再分配收益作用更为显著：第二,再分配在社会各群体中的分布更多表现为集团现象,这种再分配的集团现象又与政治资本相关；第三,社会保障的再分配对缩小贫富分化的效应有限,主要表现为“缩小了公有部门群体与私有部门群体因初次分配而形成的分化”,而在城乡之间,尤其是初次收入位于底层的私有部门群体与其余阶层群体之间的分化,反而因社会保障制度的再分配得到进一步分化。研究最后在实证分析结果基础上,讨论了中国社会保障制度形成的原因。从威权政体在不同时期追求不同的合法性基础(意识形态合法性、绩效合法性与卡里斯玛型合法性)的角度,研究提出不同时期政治合法性组合是形塑中国社会保障制度的主要原因。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of the former theory of market transformation and its related disputes, the controversy of market transformation focuses on the return of political capital and education: economic benefits are the functions of political capital and human capital. It reflects two kinds of distribution logic in the process of market transformation: the return logic of political capital is the redistributive system, and the return of human capital is the reflection of market logic. Previous studies have focused on the role of the two types of capital in the initial distribution, while neglecting the role of the two capital in the redistribution of income in the process of market transformation. This neglect will lead to two defects in the interpretation of market transition theory. First, neglecting the redistribution of income and taking the individual's initial income as the criterion of dividing the social stratum can not fully describe the actual state of stratification in the market transition; Second, neglecting the redistribution of income may not explain the mechanism of the change of redistributive power to income before and after the reform, and will underestimate the influence of redistribution power on income distribution in the process of market transformation. In order to analyze the obtaining mechanism of income distribution in the process of market transformation, this study is based on the theory of market transformation to explore the mechanism of redistribution in socialist China. The core mechanism of social redistribution is the social security system. Therefore, this study chooses the social security system as the object of analysis. The historical changes of the objects covered by the social security system in China indicate that the social security system in China presents a kind of gap pattern with power as its function. Combining the three types of market penetration distinguished by Zelini and Costello-"Local market in redistributive economy, socialist mixed economy and capitalistic oriented economy and their different consequences for society", From the perspectives of urban and rural society, public and private units, and social strata, this study puts forward some assumptions about the utility of human capital and political capital in the redistribution of social security. Using CGSS / 2008) data, the proposed alternative hypothesis is tested empirically. First, the role of political capital and human capital in the redistribution of social security of Chinese urban and rural residents fits with the theory of Zellini and Costello: the types of market penetration are different. The effect of political capital and human capital on redistribution is different. In regions with higher market development, human capital plays a more significant role in redistributive income. On the contrary, the effect of political capital on redistributive income is more significant: second, The distribution of redistribution among various social groups is more manifested as group phenomenon, which is related to political capital. Thirdly, the redistribution of social security has a limited effect on narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor. This is mainly manifested in "narrowing the division between public and private sector groups as a result of initial distribution" and between urban and rural areas, especially between the private sector groups at the bottom of their initial incomes and the rest of the social class, Instead, the redistribution of the social security system has been further divided. Finally, on the basis of empirical analysis, the reasons for the formation of China's social security system are discussed. From the perspective of the authoritarian regime pursuing different legitimacy bases (ideological legitimacy, performance legitimacy and Karisma legitimacy) in different periods, The author points out that the combination of political legitimacy in different periods is the main reason for shaping China's social security system.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1

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