“替罪羊”之文化内涵演变考释——以《金枝》为中心

发布时间：2018-05-14 10:35

  本文选题：替罪羊 + “阿萨泻勒”　； 参考：《世界民族》2017年04期

【摘要】："替罪羊"一词最早由16世纪的廷代尔所创造,但其文化内涵与外延的扩大却主要源于弗雷泽的《金枝》,并且与《金枝》中始终隐含着的一条以讽喻基督教为目的的潜在线索密不可分。出于对内米祭司继任习俗进行解释——实际上是揭示宗教本质——的需要,弗雷泽在《金枝》中通过对古希腊罗马宗教、犹太教、基督教、现代"野蛮"人的替罪习俗进行并置和分析,在欧洲古典时代、现代文明欧洲和当代"野蛮"社会之间构建了一种有关"替罪羊"问题的普遍性关系,由此提出的杀死"替罪羊国王"之说,在解释了内米习俗的同时也隐含了其对耶稣之死具有"杀王"仪式特质的影射,以期达到瓦解宗教(特别是基督教)基础的隐秘目的。弗雷泽的并置难免有随意和牵强之嫌,但其并置本身的机巧和意图的隐晦却赋予了《金枝》某种讽喻性特点,"替罪羊"问题的内涵也由于《金枝》这种讽喻性及其文本影响力而得到了极大扩展。
[Abstract]:The term "scapegoat" was first coined by Tyndale in the 16th century. However, its cultural connotation and extension are mainly derived from Fraser's "Golden Branch", and it is inseparable from a potential clue of allegorical Christianity, which is always implied in "Golden Branch". Out of the need to explain the tradition of succession of the Nemi priests-in fact, to reveal the nature of religion-Fraser in the Golden Branch, through the ancient Greek and Roman religions, Judaism, Christianity, The modern "barbaric" man's custom of scapegoat is juxtaposed and analyzed. In the classical European era, the modern civilization of Europe and the contemporary "barbaric" society have established a universal relationship concerning the problem of scapegoat. Therefore, the theory of killing the King of scapegoats not only explains the custom of Nemi, but also implicates its implication of the ritual characteristic of "killing kings" in the death of Jesus, in order to achieve the secret purpose of disintegrating the basis of religion (especially Christianity). Fraser's juxtaposition inevitably seems arbitrary and far-fetched. However, the juxtaposition of its cleverness and the obscurity of its intention endows the "Golden Branch" with some allegorical features, and the connotation of the "scapegoat" problem is greatly expanded by the allegory of "Golden Branch" and its textual influence.
【作者单位】： 湖南工业大学外国语学院;
【基金】：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目“剑桥仪式学派兴起的学术史研究”(项目号:15YBA126)的阶段性研究成果之一 湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目“神话研究之人类学方法学术史考察(1865—1914年)”(项目号:15A054) 湖南省社会科学界联合会基金项目“弗雷泽在中国的接受与影响研究”(项目号:WX138)的支持
【分类号】：C912.4
，

本文编号：1887520