世界遗产地生态移民户生计方式变迁研究：武陵源案例

发布时间：2018-05-16 00:43

本文选题：遗产旅游地 + 生态移民　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着遗产旅游的快速发展,国内诸多世界遗产地商业化现象日趋严重,“公地悲剧”现象普遍存在。为最大限度保留世界遗产的原真性,保护生态脆弱区的自然环境,并帮助当地农民脱贫致富,我国政府实施了生态移民工程这一重要举措。当地居民作为生态移民工程的主要参与者和生态系统服务的主要提供者,其生计的可持续性受到了生态移民工程的影响。而移民户搬迁后生计能力的强弱以及替代生计方式影响着遗产保护区的自然资源利用和生态环境保护,也关乎生态移民工程的实施效果和项目是否具有可持续性。本研究在可持续发展理论、利益补偿理论和社区参与理论等的指导下,以武陵源移民安置区实施的生态移民工程为例,引入国际先进的可持续生计框架,结合遗产地实际情况,利用参与式观察法获取第一手资料,构建世界遗产地生态移民搬迁农户的生计可持续指标体系,对武陵源生态移民户的生计资本状况进行了解;并通过移民户和非移民户生计资本、旅游依赖程度的差异对比,分析生态移民户不同旅游依赖程度生计方式的变迁;最后构建logistic模型探讨农户生计资本各因素对旅游依赖生计方式的影响。得出如下结论:(1)武陵源居民的各项生计资本中,自然资本的存量最多,其次为人力资本,金融资本的存量最低;(2)生态移民工程实施后,生态移民户的生计资本存量水平得到提高,移民户和非移民户的人力资本均值分别为0.601和0.577;物质资本均值分别为0.488和0.442;金融资本均值分别为0.258和0.231;社会资本均值分别为0.469和0.393;(3)生态移民户的家庭收入来源相比移民前变得更加单一,且更倾向于选择对旅游依赖程度较低的生计方式。(4)要让搬迁出武陵源风景区的生态移民户减少对旅游的依赖,生计方式得到有效过渡,可以从提高移民户的受教育水平、改善住房状况、提高固定资本和信贷水平、发展其社会关系网络等这些方面着手。研究结论将有利于解决武陵源移民户面临的现实困境,促进旅游项目的顺利建设,同时在实践中为解决旅游遗产地失地农户生计问题提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of heritage tourism, the commercialization of many world heritage sites is becoming more and more serious. In order to preserve the original nature of the world heritage, protect the natural environment in the ecologically fragile areas and help the local farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich, the Chinese government has implemented the ecological migration project as an important measure. As the main participants of ecological migration project and the main provider of ecosystem services, the sustainability of local people's livelihood is affected by ecological migration project. The strength of livelihood ability and alternative livelihood mode of migrants after relocation affect the utilization of natural resources and the protection of ecological environment, and also affect the implementation effect of ecological migration project and the sustainability of the project. Under the guidance of sustainable development theory, benefit compensation theory and community participation theory, this study takes the ecological migration project implemented in Wulingyuan resettlement area as an example, introduces the international advanced sustainable livelihood framework, and combines the actual situation of heritage sites. The participatory observation method is used to obtain the first-hand information, to construct the sustainable livelihood index system of the ecological migrants moving farmers in the World Heritage site, and to understand the living capital status of the ecological migrants in Wulingyuan. And by comparing the difference of livelihood capital and tourism dependence degree between migrant and non-immigrant households, this paper analyzes the changes of livelihood mode of ecological immigrant households with different degree of tourism dependence. Finally, logistic model is constructed to explore the impact of various factors of farmers' livelihood capital on tourism dependent livelihood. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) among the livelihood capital of Wulingyuan residents, the natural capital stock is the largest, followed by the human capital, and the financial capital stock is the lowest (2) after the implementation of the ecological migration project, The living capital stock of ecological migrants has been increased. The average values of human capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital were 0.601 and 0.577, 0.488 and 0.442, 0.258 and 0.231, and 0.469 and 0.393, respectively. More unitary than before emigration, And more inclined to choose a less dependent on tourism livelihood mode. (4) to let the ecological migrants who moved out of Wulingyuan Scenic area to reduce their dependence on tourism, and to get an effective transition of livelihood, we can improve the education level of migrant families. Improve housing, raise the level of fixed capital and credit, the development of social networks and other aspects of these aspects. The conclusion of the study will be helpful to solve the realistic predicament faced by Wulingyuan immigrant families, promote the smooth construction of tourism projects, and provide theoretical guidance for solving the livelihood problems of landless farmers in tourism heritage sites in practice.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.4

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