重大自然灾害事件中的公众安全感影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 17:36

本文选题：公众安全感 + 危机事件　；参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：突发事件往往由客观危机事件和人的心理危机交互而成,但人的主观危机危害往往大于事的危机危害,正如9·11恐怖袭击已过去10余年,但恐怖袭击所带来的心理恐惧将长远地影响美国社会。危机背景下公众面临最大心理威胁是公众安全感丧失。这是所有突发事件发生后公众应急心理最突出的特征。但为什么一些实际损害很小的事件导致公众狂暴不安,而有致命可能的风险却没有引起人们足够警觉?为什么同类型的危机事件在不同国家、不同地区对公众安全感造成的影响却截然不同?为什么一些事件中距离事发地较远地区的公众安全感相较事发地更低?这些问题说明公众安全感的形成既需要客观条件,又受主观因素的影响。本文在对有关公众安全感研究的基础上,针对重大自然灾害事件中,公众安全感的特点,设计了公众安全感的影响因素模型。通过文献梳理,假设危机事件因素、政府应对因素、媒体应对因素、个体应急能力因素、群体应急心理行为因素是影响突发事件背景下公众安全感的主要因素。在验证假设环节,我们采用问卷调查的方法获得一手数据,在经历过“4·20雅安地震”的人群中采集了400个样本展开问卷调查。通过探索性因子分析检验,结果表明,五类因子聚合度为四类,政府应对与媒体应对题项呈现聚合;再基于结构方程模型分析公共安全感的影响因素,并测量了各因素所产生的影响程度,结果显示,聚合的四个因素对突发事件背景下公众安全感的变化有较强解释力,解释力由强到弱分别是群体心理行为因素、政府与媒体应对因素、危机事件因素和个体危机应急能力因素。最后,基于实证分析结论,我们提出了营造群体归属感、危机确定感和事态控制感的治理机制对策建议。
[Abstract]:Emergencies are often made up of objective crisis events and psychological crises, but human subjective crises are often more harmful than events, just as more than 10 years have passed since the 9 / 11 terrorist attacks. But the psychological fear of a terrorist attack will affect American society in the long run. Under the background of the crisis, the biggest psychological threat to the public is the loss of public security. This is the most prominent feature of public emergency psychology after all emergencies occur. But why are events with minimal actual damage causing public outbursts and potentially fatal risks not enough to alert people? Why does the same type of crisis have a different impact on public security in different countries and regions? Why is the public less secure in some cases than in the areas farther away from the scene of the incident? These problems show that the formation of public security needs both objective conditions and subjective factors. Based on the study of public security, this paper designs a model of influencing factors of public security in view of the characteristics of public security in major natural disasters. Through literature review, it is assumed that the factors of crisis events, government coping factors, media coping factors, individual emergency response ability factors, group emergency psychological behavior factors are the main factors that affect the public security in the context of emergencies. In the process of verifying hypotheses, we use the method of questionnaire to obtain the primary data, and we collect 400 samples from the people who have experienced the "420 Ya'an earthquake" to carry out the questionnaire survey. Through exploratory factor analysis test, the results show that the aggregation degree of five factors is four categories, the government response and media response items show aggregation, and then based on the structural equation model to analyze the influencing factors of public security. The results show that the four factors of aggregation have a strong explanatory power to the change of public security under the background of unexpected events, and the explanatory power from strong to weak are group psychological behavior factors, respectively. Government and media coping factors, crisis factors and individual crisis emergency response capacity factors. Finally, based on the conclusion of empirical analysis, we put forward some suggestions on how to build a sense of group belonging, a sense of crisis determination and a sense of state of affairs control.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

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