从压力型体制到督办责任体制:中国国家现代化导向下政府运作模式的转型与机制创新

发布时间：2018-05-18 15:58

本文选题：国家现代化 + 政府治理　；参考：《行政论坛》2017年05期

【摘要】：改革开放以来,当代中国以经济建设为中心的国家现代化发展模式助推中国地方政府间激烈的竞争格局和压力型体制的形成。进入21世纪特别是全面深化改革时期后,当代中国的发展环境、目标和任务都发生新的变化,政府运作模式开始从压力型体制向督办责任体制的转型进程。督办责任体制有其特有的内涵、特征、运作逻辑与运行流程。督办责任体制的运作逻辑主要体现为:首先,关涉上下级权力配置与权力行使这一核心问题,体现为上级权力对下级的压力传导;其次,与目标管理联系在一起,涉及总目标制定、目标分解、目标达成、目标控制和目标考核等一系列过程;再次,将政策决策与政策执行有机结合,强调高层的战略规划、中层的决策引导和基层的执行责任的有机统一;最后,构建激励与问责的双重保障机制,形成过程督办与结果奖惩相结合的全方位激励机制。督办责任体制更加强调中央意识与基层目标的上下贯通,战略决策与执行的有机匹配,执行者的责任分担与严苛问责,以及对执行者的有效激励。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the national modernization development model with economic construction as the center in contemporary China has promoted the formation of intense competition pattern and pressure-type system among local governments in China. In the 21st century, especially in the period of comprehensive deepening reform, new changes have taken place in the development environment, objectives and tasks of contemporary China, and the mode of government operation has begun to transform from a pressure-type system to a system of supervision and responsibility. Supervision responsibility system has its unique connotation, characteristics, operation logic and operation process. The operational logic of the supervisory responsibility system is as follows: firstly, the core issues concerning the allocation and exercise of power between the superior and the subordinate are reflected in the transmission of pressure from the superior power to the subordinate; secondly, it is associated with the objective management. Involving a series of processes such as overall goal formulation, goal decomposition, goal achievement, goal control and goal assessment. Thirdly, policy decisions and policy implementation are organically integrated to emphasize high-level strategic planning. Finally, we construct a dual guarantee mechanism of incentive and accountability, and form a comprehensive incentive mechanism combining process supervision and result rewards and punishments. The supervision responsibility system emphasizes the link between the central consciousness and the grass-roots goal, the organic match between the strategic decision and the execution, the responsibility sharing and strict accountability of the executor, and the effective incentive to the executor.
【作者单位】：复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“包容性公民文化权利视角下统筹城乡文化一体化发展新格局研究”(12&ZD021)
【分类号】：D630

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