国内NGO在就业服务中的作用分析

发布时间：2018-05-24 12:10

本文选题：NGO + 就业　；参考：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：就业问题关系到每个国家的经济建设和社会稳定,是每个国家都在致力于解决的问题。对人口众多的中国来说,就业问题比较复杂。近一两年中国经济增长速度的下滑和大学生就业人数的增加,中国的就业压力持续加大,就业质量屡屡下降。我国过剩的劳动力资源已不再是我们的禀赋优势,反而成了我国最大的社会问题。怎样解决大量剩余劳动力特别是大学生的就业问题,不仅是经济平稳发展的关键,更是维系社会的稳定。尽管政府在促进就业方面做出了很大的努力,但由于就业问题的复杂性以及就业监管作用的不完善,就业情况还是不尽人意。上世纪70年代的福利国际危机的出现,政府失灵和市场失灵给西方国家带来了公共产品提供上的问题,经济衰退,失业人数增加。随着非政府组织的浮现,以及其在社会管理问题上的参与,使得西方国家的危机得到了改善。21世纪以来,伴随我国社会管理体制改革,NGO得到了空前发展,在市场经济体制下市场化就业模式中NGO发挥了重要作用,它与政府和企业构成一个满足不同就业群体的劳动力就业网络系统。由于NGO在提供公共物品方面比政府更有效率,所以NGO提供就业服务能够改善国家的就业问题。虽然政府和市场是推动经济和社会良性运行和协调发展的两种基本机制,但随着NGO的迅猛发展和作用的凸显,逐渐成为一种有效的社会资源配置方式,并且在解决社会管理问题、满足公民多样化需求方面显示出了自身的优越性。NGO提供就业信息、提供就业岗位、提供培训服务等等作用能够提高劳动力群体的职业素质和技能,因此可以完善劳动力市场,促进劳动力就业。与西方发达国家相比,无论在自身、制度还是环境方面,我国对NGO的发展研究还比较落后,存在很多因素制约着我国NGO的发展,严重影响其在就业服务领域发挥应有的职能。由于我国NGO的发展比较落后,政府对NGO的支持不够,NGO方面的法律法规不健全以及自身的问题导致了NGO对我国就业效应的改善比较小。本文从我国NGO的发展现状出发,审视NGO与劳动力就业的关系以及NGO在我国劳动力就业问题中的角色扮演,通过改进和完善NGO方面和劳动力自身问题的措施,促进劳动力市场就业的视角出发来缓解我国劳动力就业率下降的问题。首先探讨NGO促进就业的国内外发展理论,主要包括政府失灵理论、公共治理理论、第三方管理理论、三方志愿部门理论以及我国NGO提供就业的服务类型,接着从我国NGO提供就业岗位、就业培训、就业服务的情况来对我国NGO在就业服务领域里的现状以及问题进行了详细的探讨,NGO有自身建设的问题和社会环境问题两大类。之后进一步对NGO促进劳动力就业的机制作用进行了深入研究,NGO提供就业服务的优势在于它对市场信息和资源的掌握要比政府要多,所以由NGO提供社会服务时能够降低交易成本,另一个优势是当政府提供公共物品时,总会遇到公共选择问题即政府和市场失灵,而NGO却能够解决市场失灵,对社会也有正的外部性。通过借鉴国外发达国家在NGO促进劳动力就业方面的经验,切实强化NGO提供就业服务的法律保障、调整产业结构、加大对NGO财政投入、改善公民的认知理念。找出限制我国NGO发展的症结所在,提出改善我国NGO在就业服务体系的建议和对策,主要政策和建议包括加强NGO自身能力建设、健全NGO吸收就业的法规体系、加大政府对NGO的财政投入、全方位的监督机制以及联合机制。
[Abstract]:The problem of employment is related to economic construction and social stability in every country. The problem of employment is more complex for China with a large population. In the last two years, the decline in the speed of economic growth and the increase in the number of college students, the pressure of employment in China has continued to increase, and the quality of employment has been repeated. The surplus labor resources in our country are no longer the advantage of our natural endowment, but it has become the biggest social problem in our country. How to solve the problem of employment of a large number of surplus labor, especially college students, is not only the key to the smooth development of the economy, but also the stability of the society. Although the government has made great efforts in the promotion of employment. However, due to the complexity of employment and the imperfect role of employment regulation, the employment situation is still unsatisfactory.
The emergence of the international welfare crisis of the 70s of last century, government failure and market failure have brought problems to the western countries, the economic recession, the increase of unemployment. With the emergence of non-governmental organizations and their participation in social management issues, the crisis in the western countries has been improved since the.21 century. With the reform of the social management system in China, NGO has developed unprecedentedly. In the market oriented employment model under the market economy system, NGO plays an important role. It forms a labor employment network system with the government and enterprises to meet different employment groups. Because NGO is more efficient than the government in providing public goods, NGO provides employment. Service can improve the employment problem of the country. Although the government and the market are two basic mechanisms to promote the benign operation and coordinated development of the economy and society, with the rapid development and role of NGO, the government and the market have gradually become an effective way of social resources allocation, and to solve the problems of social management and meet the diverse needs of citizens. It shows its own superiority.NGO providing employment information, providing jobs, providing training services and so on, which can improve the professional quality and skills of the labor force. Therefore, it can improve the labor market and promote the employment of the labor force. Compared with the developed countries in the west, our country has the development of NGO in our country, in terms of its own, system and environment. The development of the research is still relatively backward. There are many factors restricting the development of NGO in China, which seriously affect its function in the field of employment service. Because of the backward development of NGO in China, the lack of support from the government on NGO, the unsound laws and regulations on NGO and its own questions, the improvement of the employment effect of NGO to our country is relatively small.
Starting from the current situation of the development of NGO in China, this paper examines the relationship between NGO and the employment of labor force and the role played by NGO in the employment of labor force in our country. Through improving and perfecting the measures of NGO and the labor force itself, and promoting the employment of labor market, the problem of reducing the employment rate of labor force in our country is solved. To discuss the domestic and foreign development theory of NGO to promote employment, including the theory of government failure, the theory of public governance, the third party management theory, the theory of the three party volunteer departments and the service types of NGO in our country, and then from the situation of employment posts, employment training and employment service of our country's NGO, the present situation of our country's NGO in the field of employment service The status and problems are discussed in detail. NGO has two major categories of self construction and social environment. After that, it further studies the mechanism of NGO to promote the employment of labor. The advantage of NGO to provide employment service is that it has more information and resources than the government, so the social service is provided by NGO. While it can reduce transaction costs, the other advantage is that when the government provides public goods, it always meets the public choice problem, the government and the market failure, but NGO can solve the market failure and have positive externality to the society. By using the experience of foreign developed countries to promote the employment of labor force in NGO, we can effectively strengthen the employment of NGO to provide employment. The legal guarantee of the service, the adjustment of the industrial structure, the increase of the financial input to the NGO, the improvement of the cognitive concept of the citizens, the finding of the crux of restricting the development of NGO in China, and the suggestions and Countermeasures to improve the employment service system of NGO in China. The main policies and suggestions include strengthening the energy construction of the NGO itself, perfecting the regulatory system for the absorption of employment in NGO, and increasing the administration of the government. The government's financial input to NGO, the omni-directional supervision mechanism and the joint mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630;D632.9;F249.2

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