县级政府应急管理研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 09:14

本文选题：县级政府 + 应急管理　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来,我国经济和社会各项事业都取得了突飞猛进的发展,与此同时,各类自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件等突发事件却日渐频发,充分标志着我国已经进入了风险社会。面对各类突发事件,县级政府往往处在应急处置的第一线,是受突发事件影响最直接、响应速度最快、对现场情况最熟悉的一级政府,在突发事件处置过程中扮演了关键的角色。然而,由于我国应急管理发展起步较晚,“一案三制”的应急管理体系建设虽然初显成效,但与国外发达国家相比仍有许多不足,特别是县级政府应急管理还存在许多理念观念、体制、机制等方面的问题,是国家应急管理链条上的“薄弱一环”,面对各类突发事件的挑战,还显得比较被动。因此,对县级政府突发事件应急管理的发展现状进行研究,分析存在的问题和薄弱环节,探寻完善措施,具有十分重要的现实意义。论文在前人研究的基础上,借助风险社会、应急管理等理论,以文献研究、案例研究等方法,着重分析了当前县级政府应急管理存在的问题,并提出了加强县级政府应急管理的对策建议。论文首先对研究背景、目的和意义、国内外研究情况以及研究的理论依据、研究方法等作了系统的介绍,为下文讨论县级政府应急管理现状及对策提供理论支撑。论文随后分阶段介绍了我国应急管理发展的历程,剖析了县级政府应急管理的特点,再重点分析当前县级政府应急管理存在的问题,主要有观念理念存在缺失、预案建设水平不高、应急体制有待健全、应急机制有待完善、社会参与程度较低等。论文通过对比分析三个典型案例(张家港人民医院“12·5”事件、启东事件、昆山“8·2”爆炸事故),以论证县级政府应急管理存在的上述问题,并进而得出加强和改进县级政府应急管理建设的启示。针对县级政府应急管理存在的问题,首先要坚持以人为本的理念,积极回应群众诉求、做好群众工作,其次要从加强预案的编制、演练、评估和修订等方面入手,优化应急预案管理,再次,要完善应急管理体制,明确县级政府应急管理权责,加强应急管理办事机构,建立适当的应急管理队伍体系,最后,要加快形成应急管理良性机制,要重点完善物资储备、教育培训、监测预报、信息管理等机制。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economic and social undertakings have developed by leaps and bounds. At the same time, all kinds of natural disasters, accident disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other emergencies have been occurring day by day. Fully symbolize that our country has entered the risk society. In the face of all kinds of emergencies, county-level governments are often on the front line of emergency response. They are the first level governments that are most directly affected by emergencies, have the fastest response speed, and are most familiar with the situation on the ground. It plays a key role in the process of dealing with emergencies. However, due to the late development of emergency management in China, the construction of the emergency management system of "one case, three systems" has achieved initial results, but there are still many shortcomings compared with the developed countries abroad. Especially, the county-level government's emergency management still has many problems, such as concept, system, mechanism and so on. It is a weak link in the chain of national emergency management. Facing the challenge of all kinds of emergencies, it is still quite passive. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the present situation of emergency management in county government, to analyze the existing problems and weak links, and to explore the perfect measures. On the basis of previous studies, with the help of the theory of risk society and emergency management, with the methods of literature study and case study, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the emergency management of county-level governments. And put forward to strengthen the county-level government emergency management countermeasures. Firstly, the research background, purpose and significance, domestic and foreign research situation, theoretical basis and research methods are systematically introduced, which provides theoretical support for the following discussion on the current situation and countermeasures of county government emergency management. Then the paper introduces the development course of emergency management in China, analyzes the characteristics of emergency management at county level, and then analyzes the problems existing in emergency management of county government. The construction level of the plan is not high, the emergency system needs to be perfected, the emergency mechanism needs to be perfected, and the degree of social participation is low. Through the comparative analysis of three typical cases (Zhangjiagang people's Hospital "125" incident, Qidong incident, Kunshan "8 2" explosion accident), this paper proves the above problems of county government emergency management. And then draw the enlightenment of strengthening and improving the emergency management construction of county government. In view of the problems existing in the emergency management of county-level governments, first of all, we should adhere to the people-oriented concept, actively respond to the demands of the masses and do a good job of mass work. Secondly, we should start with the strengthening of the preparation, exercise, evaluation and revision of the plans. To optimize emergency plan management, third, to improve the emergency management system, to clarify the county government emergency management authority and responsibility, to strengthen emergency management agencies, to establish an appropriate emergency management team system, and finally, to accelerate the formation of a sound emergency management mechanism. We should focus on improving material storage, education and training, monitoring and forecasting, information management and other mechanisms.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

【参考文献】