最低生活保障标准的确定及地区间的对比分析

发布时间：2018-06-03 19:07

本文选题：低保线 + 地区差异　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的最低生活保障制度是于二十世纪九十年代开始形成的。1999年10月1日《城市居民最低生活保障条例》的颁布,标志着城镇最低生活保障制度已经在全国范围内建立起来。短短的十六年间,我国的城镇居民最低保障制度快速发展,坚持应保尽保、公平公正、动态管理、统筹兼顾的基本原则,已经成为了保障低收入群体生活最重要的保障制度之一。然而,我国城镇居民最低生活保障制度依然存在一些问题。例如尽管每年各地的保障标准都在升高,但仍然存在总体水平偏低的问题,一些地区的低保线可能无法满足低收入群体的基本生活要求;在经济快速发展的大背景下物价会有一定幅度的上扬,地方政府制定的低保线可能没有跟不上物价的变化速度,以致低收入群体的生活质量受到影响;由于政府对低保实际投入总量过低,实际覆盖率与政策覆盖率差距悬殊,即政府承诺不能兑现的情况;最低保障标准缺乏统一完善的动态调整机制等等。其中,我国最低保障制度发展过程中出现一个很明显的现象就是我国的最低保障标准存在着明显的地区差异。各地的低保标准制定是否合理,是否能满足当地低收入群体的基本生活,各地区如此大的差异是否正常,这些都是完善最低生活保障制度需要考虑的问题。因此,最低保障地区差异的研究对改善民生,缩小地区间差异,最终实现共同富裕有着重要的影响。本文共分为七部分。第一部分介绍了论文选题的目的和背景、研究意义、国内外有关城市居民最低生活保障标准问题的相关研究、研究内容方法及创新点;第二部分从几个方面入手介绍我国最低保障事业的发展情况;第三部分利用修正的logistic函数拟合收入分布函数,得到了了城镇最低生活保障线的测算方法;第四部分利用修正的logistic函数模型测算了全国主要地区2011年的最低保障标准,并进行了地区差异分析及政策评价.;第五部分通过建立动态调整指标体系阐述了最低保障标准的动态调整机制;第六部分对完善我国城市居民最低生活保障制度提出相关的对策建议;最后一部分对全文进行了总结。
[Abstract]:The minimum living security system in China began to form in the 1990s. The promulgation of the regulations on the minimum living Security of Urban residents on October 1, 1999 indicates that the minimum living security system in cities and towns has been established throughout the country. In a short period of 16 years, the minimum security system for urban residents in our country has developed rapidly, and has adhered to the basic principles of full protection, fairness and justice, dynamic management, and overall consideration. It has become one of the most important security systems to protect the life of low-income groups. However, there are still some problems in the minimum living security system of urban residents in China. For example, while security standards are rising every year, the overall level of security remains low, and in some areas the line may not be able to meet the basic living needs of low-income groups; Under the background of rapid economic development, prices will rise by a certain extent, and the local governments may not be able to keep up with the speed of price changes, thus affecting the quality of life of low-income groups; Because the total amount of the government's actual investment to the minimum guarantee is too low, the gap between the actual coverage rate and the policy coverage rate is wide, that is, the government promise cannot be fulfilled, and the minimum guarantee standard lacks a unified and perfect dynamic adjustment mechanism and so on. Among them, there is an obvious phenomenon in the process of the development of the minimum security system in our country, that is, there are obvious regional differences in the minimum security standards in our country. Whether the local minimum living standard is reasonable, whether it can satisfy the basic life of the local low-income groups, and whether it is normal to have such a big difference in different regions are all the problems that need to be considered in perfecting the minimum living security system. Therefore, the study of regional differences of minimum security has an important effect on improving people's livelihood, narrowing regional differences and realizing common prosperity. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part introduces the purpose and background of the thesis, the significance of the research, the research on the minimum living standard of urban residents at home and abroad, the research methods and innovations; The second part introduces the development of the minimum security undertaking in China from several aspects, the third part uses the modified logistic function to fit the income distribution function, and obtains the calculation method of the minimum living guarantee line in cities and towns. The fourth part uses the modified logistic function model to calculate the minimum guarantee standard in the main areas of China in 2011. The fifth part expounds the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the minimum guarantee standard by establishing the dynamic adjustment index system. In the sixth part, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the minimum living security system of urban residents in our country; the last part summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1

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