我国公务员录用中的公平问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 00:46

本文选题：公务员 + 录用　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为政府人员，公务员在政府运作中起着非常重要的作用，对整个社会和国家的稳定和发展有重要的意义，所以，公务员的录用工作应该在宪法和法律的规定下进行。但是，在公务员录用过程中存在一些不公平的问题，其中最明显的问题跟平等有关。本文首先从公平概念的界定入手，公平是人类社会追求的重要价值和目标，同时也是人类文明最理想化的向往之一，越是随处可见的词语，对它的界定越是困难。《牛津法律大辞典》释义“公平”一词包含两个基本含义，一个与价值相关，一个针对法律规范而言。接下来从公平和平等的关系问题出发，，通过分析他们的关系，指出公平和平等关系密切，又互有差别，公平和平等都是法治的追求，同时，公平比较抽象，平等是实现公平价值的重要前提。然后在这个基础上，考察平等思想的历史发展，从原始社会“平等劳动”、“平等的价值回报”、“以牙还牙”等不自觉的、无意识的平等观念，到柏拉图《理想国》中“平起平坐”、“没有什么区别”模糊的概念，到亚里士多德《尼各马可伦理学》中对平等观有了比较全面细致的观点，到斯多葛主义对平等观念更为激进的表达，指出平等观念的发展过程是由早期单纯的形式平等向后来的形式平等和实质平等相结合的过程。同时指出平等在我国既是宪法原则，又表现为基本人权。接下来结合我国宪法对平等的相关规定，对公务员录用中的不公问题进行例证分析，首先通过《2011年国家招考中的公务员就业歧视调查报告》直观地了解到民族、性别、残障、社会身份、政治面貌、年龄、健康、身体特征等几个方面的数据比例，接下来主要从公务员录取中涉及到的身体健康歧视、学历歧视、工作经验歧视等方面进行具体考察。身体健康歧视中分析了以艾滋病和血压为主的大部分身体健康条件的限制都是与国家机关工作人员的业务要求无关的规定，违反了宪法赋予的平等原则，侵犯了公民的平等权利。学历歧视以浙江省公务员招考为例，分析了关于招考范围和对象的学历规定以“择优录取”为借口，实为差别对待和歧视。报考资格中工作经验的要求实际是依据考生职业及其背景对考生施加的限制，是违背宪法规定的平等原则以及公民平等权的歧视。最后，指出当前我国公务员录用中的不公平问题主要是歧视问题，并对歧视问题产生的法律原因进行分析。本文认为，造成这一现象的原因主要有两方面，第一点是对平等权理论中的合理差别理论存在误读，第二点是公务员录用工作中存在利益博弈。最后，本文针对在我国公务员录用中存在的不平等问题及其产生的原因，提出相应的解决方案，包括完善合理差别理论的学理分析和解读，同时加强对公务员录用工作的法律监管，从政策制定到实施的全过程都要受到严格监督，保证严格依法进行。
[Abstract]:As government personnel, civil servants play a very important role in the operation of the government, which is of great significance to the stability and development of the whole society and the country. Therefore, the employment of civil servants should be carried out under the provisions of the Constitution and laws. However, there are some unfair problems in the process of employing civil servants, the most obvious of which are related to equality. This article begins with the definition of the concept of fairness, which is an important value and goal pursued by human society, and also one of the most idealized yearning for human civilization. The more difficult it is to define it, the more difficult it is to define it. The Oxford Dictionary of Law defines the term "fair" with two basic meanings, one relating to value and the other to legal norms. Then, starting from the issue of the relationship between fairness and equality, by analyzing their relations, it is pointed out that the relationship between fairness and equality is close and different. Fairness and equality are both the pursuit of the rule of law. At the same time, equity is more abstract. Equality is an important prerequisite for the realization of fair value. Then, on this basis, we investigate the historical development of equality thinking, from the primitive society of "equal labor", "equal value return", "tooth for tat" and other unconscious, unconscious equality concepts, By the vague concept of "equality" in Plato's the Republic, the vague concept of "no difference," and the more comprehensive and detailed view of the concept of equality in Aristotle's "Nigomark Ethics", To the more radical expression of the idea of equality in stoicism, it is pointed out that the development process of the concept of equality is the process of combining formal equality and substantive equality from the early stage of pure formal equality to the later one. At the same time, it points out that equality is not only a constitutional principle in our country, but also a basic human right. Next, with the relevant provisions of the Constitution on equality, we analyze the unfair issue in the employment of civil servants. First of all, through the investigation report on Employment Discrimination of Civil servants in the 2011 National recruitment examination, we intuitively understand the nationality, gender, disability, Social identity, political outlook, age, health, physical characteristics and other aspects of the data ratio, then mainly from the recruitment of civil servants involved in physical health discrimination, education discrimination, work experience discrimination and other aspects of specific investigation. In physical health discrimination, it is analyzed that most of the restrictions on physical health conditions based on HIV / AIDS and blood pressure are unrelated to the operational requirements of state functionaries and violate the principle of equality enshrined in the Constitution. It infringes on the equal rights of citizens. Taking Zhejiang Province civil servant as an example, this paper analyzes the educational regulations about the scope and object of the examination, which is treated as discrimination and discrimination under the pretext of "choosing the best to admit". The requirement of working experience in the qualification is the restriction imposed on the examinee according to his occupation and background, which is against the principle of equality stipulated in the Constitution and the discrimination of the citizen's equal right. Finally, the author points out that the main unfair problem in the employment of civil servants in our country is discrimination, and analyzes the legal reasons of discrimination. This paper holds that there are two main reasons for this phenomenon: the first is the misreading of the theory of reasonable difference in the theory of equal rights, and the second is the existence of interest game in the employment of civil servants. Finally, aiming at the problem of inequality and its causes in the employment of civil servants in our country, this paper puts forward the corresponding solutions, including the theoretical analysis and interpretation of the theory of reasonable difference. At the same time, we should strengthen the legal supervision of the employment of civil servants and ensure that the whole process from policy formulation to implementation is strictly supervised and carried out in accordance with the law.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630.3

【参考文献】