风险治理在邻避冲突治理中的应用

发布时间：2018-06-09 14:16

本文选题：邻避冲突 + 风险治理　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以经济、政治经济体制改革为代表的社会转型是一个利益不断分化、不同利益相互碰撞和妥协的过程。在这个过程中,不同利益之间的矛盾和冲突使社会充满了不同类型的风险,这些风险经过一系列演化,形成不同类型的社会冲突,对正常的社会秩序产生了冲击。近年来,有一种冲突引发了来自社会各方的关注,这就是"邻避"冲突。"邻避"(not in my backyard,简称NIMBY)一词产生于20世纪80年代的西方国家,指的是人们对于在自家附近修建某些设施如化工厂、垃圾焚烧厂、核电站等所持的反对态度及抵制行动。这些设施因其具有的某些负外部性特征而导致人们对其产生反感。自2008年以来,以厦门市民反对在厦门建设PX化工项目等为代表的邻避冲突的频繁发生,标志着中国进入了一个邻避冲突的高发期。而对于邻避问题的研究也逐渐成为国内学术界的热点。社会冲突的根源在于社会风险,社会冲突治理的治本之策是进行社会风险治理。因此,本文试图将风险治理的思想引入邻避冲突的治理之中。本文通过对邻避、风险、治理、风险治理等概念的含义和特点进行整理、总结,引出本文的主题——风险治理思想在邻避冲突治理中的应用。由于风险治理在中国的邻避冲突治理中缺乏应用成功的实例,因此文章决定通过先提出一个邻避风险治理框架设想,并用案例分析的方法来检验该框架,尝试发现框架的不足,并探究原因,总结、分析风险治理思想应如何应用与邻避冲突的治理当中。风险治理框架包含风险评估准备、风险评估、风险类型化与估算、风险管理和风险沟通五个要素。在梳理、总结有关社会稳定风险评估,以及邻避风险管理相关理论和实践成果的基础上,依据风险治理框架本文提出了一个邻避风险治理框架设想,包含邻避风险评估准备、邻避风险评估、邻避风险类型化与估算、邻避风险管理和邻避风险沟通五个要素。随后,本文尝试运用该框架对京沈高铁邻避事件以及九江PX项目事件两起邻避冲突的案例进行分析。在分析中,本文发现基于社会稳定风险评估及邻避风险管理相关理论和实践成果的邻避风险治理框架对于邻避冲突的产生、演化等难以给出准确的预测。经过对邻避风险框架进行基于邻避风险产生及演化机制的分析,本文得出了两个结论:1.邻避心理产生的不确定性影响风险评估的可靠性;2.邻避风险产生及演化机制的复杂性增加了风险评估的难度。由此对社会稳定风险评估机制,以及如何正确地将风险治理的思想应用于邻避冲突治理当中提出了建议,如在"项目决策前的社会稳定风险评估环节中,可不必明确要求对项目的邻避风险进行评估","政府和建设单位应当采用更加积极有效的沟通方式"等。化解中国的邻避问题不是一朝一夕就能完成的工作。解决邻避问题需要创新思路和方法。风险治理的思想符合社会的发展要求。在今后的邻避冲突治理中,运用风险治理的视角,做好邻避风险分析、评估,并采取相应的风险管理措施以防止风险演化成冲突,将吸引越来越多的研究者参与其中。
[Abstract]:The social transformation, represented by the economic and political economic system reform, is a process of continuous differentiation and collision and compromise between different interests. In this process, the contradictions and conflicts between different interests make the society full of different types of risks, and these risks form different types of social conflicts through a series of evolvement. The constant social order has struck. In recent years, there has been a conflict that has triggered attention from all sides of the society. This is the "not in my backyard", which comes from the western countries in 1980s, referring to the construction of certain facilities, such as chemical plants, garbage incineration plants, nuclear power plants, in the vicinity of their homes. Such facilities, such as opposition and boycott, have caused people to repugnant to some of their negative externalities. Since 2008, the frequent occurrence of neighboring conflicts, represented by Xiamen citizens in the construction of the PX chemical project in Xiamen, indicates that China has entered a period of high incidence of neighbouring conflict. The research on the avoidance problem has gradually become the hot spot in the domestic academic circles. The root of the social conflict lies in the social risk, the governance of the social conflict governance is the social risk management. Therefore, this article tries to introduce the thought of risk governance into the governance of the adjacent conflict. The meaning and characteristics are collated and summed up, and the theme of this paper is the application of risk management thought in the governance of adjacent conflict avoidance. Because of the lack of successful application of risk management in the governance of neighboring conflict avoidance in China, the article decides to first propose a framework for avoiding risk management, and use the method of case analysis to test it. This framework attempts to find out the shortcomings of the framework, and to explore the reasons, to summarize and analyze how the thought of risk management should be applied to the governance of the adjacent conflict avoidance. The framework of risk management includes five elements: risk assessment preparation, risk assessment, risk type and estimation, risk management and risk communication. On the basis of related theories and practical results of risk management, this paper proposes a framework for the governance framework of adjacent risk avoidance based on the framework of risk management, which includes five factors: preparedness of risk assessment, risk assessment, classification and estimation of adjacent risk, and communication between adjacent risk management and adjacent risk avoidance. In this framework, two cases of adjacent avoidance of Jiujiang PX project are analyzed. In the analysis, we find it is difficult to predict the emergence and evolution of the adjacent avoidance based on the theory of social stability risk assessment and the practice of adjacent risk management. Based on the analysis of the generation and evolution mechanism of adjacent risk avoidance, this paper draws two conclusions: the uncertainty produced by 1. adjacent avoidance affects the reliability of risk assessment; the complexity of 2. adjacent avoidance and the complexity of the evolution mechanism increases the difficulty of risk assessment. And how to correctly apply the thought of risk management to the governance of adjacent conflict and avoidance, such as "in the risk assessment of social stability before the project decision, it is not necessary to make a clear requirement for the assessment of the adjacent risk of the project". "The government and the construction unit should adopt a more active and effective way of communication". The avoidance of problems is not a work that can be completed overnight. Solving the problem of adjacent avoidance requires innovative ideas and methods. The thought of risk management is in line with the social development requirements. In the future neighbouring conflict management, the risk management is used in the perspective of risk management to do a good job of the analysis of the risk and avoidance of risk, and to take the corresponding risk management measures to prevent the evolution of the risk. Conflict will attract more and more researchers to participate in it.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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