当代中国行政决策的政治问责研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 01:06

本文选题：行政决策 + 政治问责　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：责任政治是民主政治的本质特征,是政治文明的基本形态。问责作为重要的权力制约方式,是实现责任政治的关键举措,构建科学完备的问责体系是责任政治建设的必由之路。决策是公共权力运行过程的基本环节,决策问责是问责体系的重要组成部分。行政决策涉及的领域与对象较为广泛,与国家和人民的公共利益息息相关。但是,行政决策权力的日益扩张却在一定程度上忽视了公共利益,行政决策过错或失误引发了较多社会问题,给国家与人民造成了重大损失。当代中国行政决策过错或失误频发的重要原因在于行政决策的权责不一致,因而探索行政决策问责尤为重要。政治责任是行政决策责任体系的重要组成部分,完善行政决策的政治问责是实现行政决策责任的关键环节,也是中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的内在要求。探讨行政决策政治问责的基本理论是深入研究当代中国行政决策政治问责的基石,行政决策政治问责的理论阐释主要包括行政决策政治问责的基本内涵和行政决策政治问责的相关理论两个方面。在行政决策政治问责的基本内涵方面,主要围绕行政决策、政治问责与行政决策政治问责三个基本概念进行分析;在行政决策政治问责的相关理论分析方面,则主要从政治哲学的视角对其进行考察,着重分析社会契约理论和权力制约与监督理论。在分析行政决策政治问责基本理论的基础上,基于“问题—原因—对策”的逻辑,分别对当代中国行政决策政治问责的现实困境、成因与完善路径三个维度进行深入探究。当前中国,政治问责逐步发展,行政决策问责也愈来愈受到理论界与实务界的重视并成为重要的问责领域。中国宪法与相关党纪国法都为行政决策的政治问责提供了制度保障,但在政治问责实践中仍存在行政决策的政治问责对象界定不清、行政决策的政治问责主体缺位与能力不足以及行政决策的政治问责程序制度化程度较低等问题,制约了行政决策政治问责的实现,不利于有效制约行政决策权力与解决行政决策失误现象。当代中国行政决策的政治问责困境具有深厚的制度根源,深入剖析当代中国行政决策政治问责困境的原因对于探寻当代中国行政决策政治问责的完善途径具有重要意义。行政决策中党政关系规范化水平不高、政府间的行政决策职责配置不科学、政治运作中人民代表大会的地位不够以及行政决策中的信息公开制度不健全是当代中国行政决策政治问责困境的重要成因。基于上述分析,积极理顺行政决策中的权责关系、提升行政决策的多元政治问责主体能力、完善与创新行政决策的政治问责程序是实现当代中国行政决策政治问责的重要路径。
[Abstract]:Responsibility politics is the essential feature of democratic politics and the basic form of political civilization. As an important way of restricting power, accountability is the key measure to realize the responsibility politics. Building a scientific and complete accountability system is the only way for the construction of responsibility and politics. Decision making is the basic link of the operation process of public power, and the accountability system is the accountability system. The areas and objects involved in administrative decision-making are more extensive and closely related to the public interests of the state and the people. However, the increasing expansion of the administrative decision-making power neglects the public interest to a certain extent. The fault or error of administrative decision-making has caused many social problems and caused great losses to the state and the people. The important reason for the fault or fault of administrative decision making in China is that the power and responsibility of administrative decision are not consistent. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the accountability of administrative decision. Political responsibility is an important part of the system of administrative decision responsibility. It is the key link to realize the responsibility of administrative decision and the society of Chinese characteristics. The basic theory of political accountability in administrative decision-making is the cornerstone of in-depth study of political accountability in contemporary China's administrative decision-making. The theoretical interpretation of political accountability in administrative decision-making mainly includes the two aspects of the basic connotation of political accountability in administrative decision-making and the related theories of political accountability in administrative decision-making. The basic connotation of political accountability in political decision-making mainly focuses on the analysis of three basic concepts of administrative decision, political accountability and political accountability in administrative decision-making. In the theoretical analysis of political accountability in administrative decision-making, it is mainly from the perspective of political philosophy, focusing on the theory of social contract and the restriction and supervision of power. On the basis of the analysis of the basic theory of political accountability in administrative decision-making, based on the logic of "problem cause countermeasures", the realistic predicament of political accountability in contemporary China's administrative decision-making, the causes and the three dimensions of the path of perfection are further explored. In China, the political accountability is gradually developed and the accountability of administrative decision is getting more and more Both the theoretical and practical circles pay attention to and become an important field of accountability. Both the Chinese Constitution and the relevant party discipline and state law provide institutional guarantee for the political accountability of administrative decisions. However, the political accountability objects of administrative decisions still exist in the political accountability practice. The political accountability procedure of decision-making has a low degree of institutionalization, which restricts the realization of political accountability in administrative decision-making, which is not conducive to the effective restriction of administrative decision-making power and the failure of administrative decision making. The political accountability dilemma of contemporary Chinese administrative decision-making has a profound institutional root, and in-depth analysis of the political accountability difficulties of contemporary China's administrative decision-making. The reasons for the situation are of great significance to the exploration of the ways to improve the political accountability of contemporary China's administrative decision. The standardization level of the party and government relations in the administrative decision is not high, the allocation of administrative responsibilities among the governments is not scientific, the status of the people's Congress in the political operation is not enough and the information disclosure system in the administrative decision is not perfect. The important cause of the political accountability dilemma in China's administrative decision. Based on the above analysis, it is an important path to realize the political accountability of contemporary China's administrative decision-making by actively straightening out the power and responsibility relationship in administrative decision-making, improving the ability of the multiple political accountability subject in administrative decision-making, and perfecting the political accountability procedure of the administrative decision making and innovation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630.9

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