官民之间，信访行为的民俗学解读

发布时间：2018-06-16 21:10

本文选题：信访 + 农民　；参考：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：信访虽然是新中国成立以来所设立的一种制度,但与其类似的行为古已有之,从尧舜传说中的敢谏之鼓与诽谤之木,到缇萦上书汉文帝救父,再到宋朝包青天、清末杨乃武小白菜等民间故事的广为流传,都不难看出上访行为其实已经延续了千年并根植在老百姓的心中,形成一种民俗文化被集体无意识的传承下来,并成为底层人民与权贵抗衡的有力武器。从古至今,虽然在形式和名称上有所不同,但其本质是相同的,都是作为一种“救命稻草”式的解决途径,为受到不公的底层民众提供一条有望向上层统治者或管理者“沉冤得雪”的道路,在心理上,给与其极大的抚慰。信访对于促进我国改革和发展、化解国家矛盾、解决人民纠纷、建设和谐社会等方方面面都发挥着重要作用。本文以豫中X县为例,通过对该县三十三封上访信的概述、分类和众多上访案例的分析,反映出广大农民的传统权力观如“官本位”的思想以及对于清官的想象和期待。同时,通过信访干部对各类上访者案例的陈述,发现也有许多非访、闹访的情况存在,一些政府官员认为自己也是受害者。笔者分析这是由于上级中央的信访政策,单纯以上访量作为考察官员和地方政府的依据,对信访人的诉求是否合理甄别不够。同时,通过政府与民众二者之间拉锯与对抗的描述,找出形成这种对峙的原因,一方面是由于个别基层干部解决问题能力低,另一方面群众的维权意识增强,法制意识却十分欠缺。笔者试图借鉴斯科特“日常抵抗”与“弱者的武器”等理论,对上访案例进行对比和阐述,然而发现西方的社会运动理论难以真正解释中国近十年居高不下的集体行动高潮,需要另觅思路。最后本文从信访制度的历史渊源、民间故事的传播、老百姓的集体无意识传承几方面来分析总结农民信访、闹访、越级上访的行为逻辑和动机。并通过真实的案例,从传统文化的教育功能等方面寻求达到“无讼”理想的可行途径。
[Abstract]:Although letters and visits have been established since the founding of New China, similar acts have existed from ancient times, from the drums and vilification trees in the legend of Yao and Shun, to the letters to Tina who wrote to Emperor Han Wendi to save his father, and to the Qing days of Bao Qing in the Song Dynasty. The widespread spread of folk stories such as Yang Naiwu and pakchoi in the late Qing Dynasty, it is not difficult to see that the petition behavior has actually lasted for thousands of years and has been rooted in the hearts of the common people, forming a folk culture that has been passed down by the collective unconscious. And become the bottom of the people and the powerful weapon against the powerful. From ancient to present, although the form and the name are different, their essence is the same and they are all used as a kind of "life-saving straw" way of solving the problem. To provide a way for the unfair underclass to "redress the grievances" of the upper rulers or managers, psychologically, to give them great comfort. Letters and visits play an important role in promoting China's reform and development, resolving national contradictions, resolving people's disputes and building a harmonious society. Taking X County in Henan Province as an example, through the summary, classification and analysis of many cases of 33 letters of petition in this county, this paper reflects the traditional views of power of peasants such as "official standard", as well as the imagination and expectation of the clean officials. At the same time, through the statements made by petition cadres to various cases of petitioners, it was found that there were also many non-visits, and some government officials thought that they were also victims. The author analyzes that this is due to the higher central authorities' policy of petition and visiting, which only takes the amount of petition as the basis for investigating officials and local governments, and whether the appeal of petitioners is reasonable or not is not enough. At the same time, through the description of the tension and confrontation between the government and the public, we can find out the reasons for this confrontation. On the one hand, it is due to the low ability of individual grassroots cadres to solve problems, and on the other hand, the masses' awareness of safeguarding their rights is enhanced. However, the consciousness of legal system is very deficient. The author tries to draw lessons from Scott's theory of "daily resistance" and "weapon of the weak" to compare and expound the case of petition. However, it is found that the western theory of social movement can hardly explain the climax of collective action in China, which is high in recent ten years. Other ideas need to be found. Finally, this paper analyzes and summarizes the behavior logic and motivation of farmers' petition, call, petition by leapfrogging from the historical origin of petition system, the spread of folk story, and the collective unconscious inheritance of common people. And through the real case, from the traditional culture education function and so on, seeks to achieve "no lawsuit" ideal feasible way.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.8

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